여성들은 진로선택에서 자신의 성(sex)에 많은 영향을 받고 있기 때문에, 비전통적인 진로를 선택하는 여성에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 여성에게 비전통적인 진로라고 생각되어지는 분야로 공학계를 선택하였으며, 이들의 특성을 다수의 여성들이 전공으로 선택하는 인문계 여대생들과 비교하여 제시하였다. 본 연구는 공학계 여대생 101명과 인문계 여대생 100명을 대상으로 하여, 성역할 정체감 척도, 진로결정성 척도, 진로 준비성 척도, 자기효능감 척도, 인구학적 조사 척도를 사용하여 실시되었다. 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 공학계 여대생의 남성성이 인문계 여대생보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 진로결정성과 자기효능감에서는 전공 계열에 따른 차이가 없었으며, 진로준비성은 인문계 여대생이 공학계 여대생보다 유의미하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 전공계열에 따른 부모님의 교육수준에는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 전공계열에 따른 아버지의 전공에서는 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 전공계열에 따라 남성성과 자기효능감이 진로성숙에 미치는 영향에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 인문계 여대생집단에서는 남성성과 자기효능감이 모두 진로결정성과 진로준비성에 유의미한 영향을 미치고 있었으나, 공학계 여대생 집단에서는 남성성과 자기효능감이 모두 진로결정성에 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않고 있었으며, 진로준비성에는 자기효능감만이 영향을 미치고 있었다. 다섯 째, 남성성, 자기효능감과 진로성숙의 관계에 대한 전공계열의 조절효과를 확인한 결과, 자기효능감과 진로성숙에 대한 전공계열의 조절효과가 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 제한점과 후속연구에 대해서 논의하였다.
Because female students are affected by sex greatly, more studies for non-traditional career choice women are needed. Most people considered engineering career as nontraditional career choice for women, whereas humanities as traditional career choice for women. Therefore, this study explored the differences between female students in college of engineering and those in college of humanities. 101 female students in college of engineering and 100 female students in college of humanities participated in this study. The survey included sex role identity, career decision, career preparation, self efficacy, and some demographic items. The results showed as follow. First, engineering students had higher masculinity than humanities students. Second, there were no significant differences in career decision and career preparation between engineering students and humanities students. Third, there were no differences on parent's educational levels whereas there were slight differences of father's majors between engineering students and humanities students. Fourth, there were differences between engineering students and humanities students with the effects of masculinity and self efficacy on career maturity. fifth, the results supported the hypotheses that majors would moderate the relationship between self efficacy and career maturity. In humanities students, self efficacy exerted significant effect on career decision, while in engineering students, self efficacy had strong effect on career preparation. Finally, limitations and suggestions for future research were discussed.
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