본 연구는 배우자 폭력을 경험한 피학대 여성들을 대상으로 이루어진 뇌 관련 연구들을 개관하였다. 피학대 여성의 외상적인 뇌손상 연구를 살펴보고, 신경심리검사를 이용한 인지기능 연구들을 알아보고, 뇌영상법을 이용한 뇌구조와 뇌기능에 대한 연구들을 정리하였다. 배우자 폭력에 의한 외상적인 뇌손상은 반복적인 머리구타와 목 졸림에 의해 형성되고, 피학대 여성들은 집행기능, 작업 기억, 주의와 같은 인지기능이 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 피학대 여성들은 합리적 의사결정에 중요한 전두엽이 손상되고, 공포반응과 관련한 편도체와 정서를 조절하는데 관여하는 전측 대상 피질의 기능에 이상이 나타났다. 배우자 폭력의 경험은 심리적/생리적 스트레스를 일으키고, 만성적인 스트레스는 시상하부-뇌하수체-아드레날린 축의 과활성화를 통해 면역기능을 억제시킬 수 있다. 마지막으로 추후 연구 방향을 제안하였다.
The purpose of this study was to investigate brain studies of women with intimate partner violence. Previous studies about traumatic brain injury and cognitive function in battered women were examined. Several studies were reviewed with pivotal research results in brain structure/function of battered women using brain imaging. Head injuries and attempted strangulation injuries can result in traumatic brain injury. Battered women showed cognitive dysfunctions in executive function, working memory, and attention. Battered women may have an impaired ability to make a rational decision with frontal lobe damage. Battered women had hyperresponsiveness in amygdala to fearful stimuli and poor emotional regulation with deficit of anterior cingulate cortex. The chronic nature of intimate partner violence can cause psychological stress and physiological stress, which can suppress immune system with hyperreactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The limitations of the studies and directions for the future research were discussed.
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