The purpose of this study was to investigate the causal relationship among attachment, separation-individuation and anxiety, and to compare the interaction effect of social support in each gender. The sample comprised 491 university students in seoul. The measurements used Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment(IPPA), Korean late adolescent Individuation Questionnaire, Perceived Social Support Inventory, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI). The Results of the study are as follows: First, attachment was significantly correlated with separation-individuation. Second. attachment, separation-individuation and emotional support significantly contributed to the prediction of male university student's anxiety. On the other hand. in female university student, separation-individuation and evaluative support significantly predicted to anxiety. Finally, interaction effect of emotional support was non-significant in male university student's. But in female university students, interaction effect of evaluative support was significant. The findings of this study would contribute to more gender-specific, integrates approaches for anxiety prevention or intervention.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of attachment injury on marital intimacy and mental health and to test the mediating effects of forgiveness in breast cancer women. Total 216 women with breast cancer who had experience of attachment injury participated in this study. Data was collected at two clinics of breast cancer in general hospital in Seoul and Kyounggi province. Hypothetical model was consisted of variables with attachment injury, marital intimacy, mental health, and forgiveness. Amos 18.0 was used to identify fitness and analyze the paths of the model. The results were as follows. First, fitness indices of hypothetical model indicated that the data did not fit well and it needed to be modified. After modification model fit showed good with χ2=29.0, Normed χ2= 1.61(CMIN/DF), GFI=.97, AGFI=.93, NFI=.90, SRMR=.06, TLI=.91, RMSEA=.05. Second, four paths from attachment injury to marital intimacy, mental health, and forgiveness and from forgiveness to marital intimacy were significant. But path from forgiveness to mental health was not significant. Third, forgiveness was not a significant mediating variable between attachment injury and mental health but a significant mediating variable between attachment injury and marital intimacy. Forgiveness was the strongest influencing factor to marital intimacy in the model. Attachment injury and forgiveness explained 63% of marital intimacy and 8% of mental health. It is suggested to include forgiveness in development of education and marital therapy for breast cancer women with attachment injury.
The purpose of this study was to investigate brain studies of women with intimate partner violence. Previous studies about traumatic brain injury and cognitive function in battered women were examined. Several studies were reviewed with pivotal research results in brain structure/function of battered women using brain imaging. Head injuries and attempted strangulation injuries can result in traumatic brain injury. Battered women showed cognitive dysfunctions in executive function, working memory, and attention. Battered women may have an impaired ability to make a rational decision with frontal lobe damage. Battered women had hyperresponsiveness in amygdala to fearful stimuli and poor emotional regulation with deficit of anterior cingulate cortex. The chronic nature of intimate partner violence can cause psychological stress and physiological stress, which can suppress immune system with hyperreactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The limitations of the studies and directions for the future research were discussed.
The research aims to explore the meanings of thriving experiences after sexual violence with detailed descriptions. The research participants are six women who are in their 20th to 40th. They participated counseling or special programs for sexual violence victims for certain periods. The data has been collected from December 2011 to May 2014. During the period, I had one or three times of in-depth interviews with each participant. The access for the research participants was through snow balling, the personal acquaintances of mine, or introductions by my acquaintances. In my analysis, the six overarching themes and nineteen specific themes have come up with from the interviews. The higher themes are <playing the variations of healing>, <free from the traumatic memories>, <self-respect>, <communication wholly with others and the world>, <construct the life histories as one hope>, <to move forward for thriving experiences>. The significance and implications of this study is to understand the positive and thriving experiences after sexual abuse within the psychological framework. Heretofore, the qualitative research on the thriving experiences after sexual abuse is at the early stage of discussions and research both nationally and internationally. In addition, the research provides the opportunity for counselors to believe in the resilience of clients, not to be diverted by the symptoms of clients, rather firmly seeking the goals and directions of counseling in the consultation scenes. Suggestions for future research are as follows: Participants of this study are those who have contemplated for a long time about their sexual abuse experiences and participated social activism which provided them the opportunities to empower themselves. If the research participants were those who only have taken psychological counseling, the results would reveal different aspects of experiences.
The research aims to explore the meanings of thriving experiences after sexual violence with detailed descriptions. The research participants are six women who are in their 20th to 40th. They participated counseling or special programs for sexual violence victims for certain periods. The data has been collected from December 2011 to May 2014. During the period, I had one or three times of in-depth interviews with each participant. The access for the research participants was through snow balling, the personal acquaintances of mine, or introductions by my acquaintances. In my analysis, the six overarching themes and nineteen specific themes have come up with from the interviews. The higher themes are <playing the variations of healing>, <free from the traumatic memories>, <self-respect>, <communication wholly with others and the world>, <construct the life histories as one hope>, <to move forward for thriving experiences>. The significance and implications of this study is to understand the positive and thriving experiences after sexual abuse within the psychological framework. Heretofore, the qualitative research on the thriving experiences after sexual abuse is at the early stage of discussions and research both nationally and internationally. In addition, the research provides the opportunity for counselors to believe in the resilience of clients, not to be diverted by the symptoms of clients, rather firmly seeking the goals and directions of counseling in the consultation scenes. Suggestions for future research are as follows: Participants of this study are those who have contemplated for a long time about their sexual abuse experiences and participated social activism which provided them the opportunities to empower themselves. If the research participants were those who only have taken psychological counseling, the results would reveal different aspects of experiences.
This study will provide the correlation of dating violence with: family violence, implicit and explicit gender stereotypes, and define mediated effect on each process related. The participants were 52 college students who had the experience of dating relationship. The psychological tests used in this research included the following: CTS(The Revised Conflict Tactic Scale), ABI(Abusive Behavior Inventory), Explicit gender stereotype. Implicit gender stereotype that has become very popular in psychology recently is the Implicit Association Test(IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998). The data were analyzed with Pearson’s correlation, independent t-test, mediated regression analysis. According to the results, there were significant correlations between family violence and implicit gender stereotype, dating violence. Family violence victim group between family violence non victim group suggests that difference significantly by IAT. Implicit gender stereotype had full influence on dating violence. The implications and the limitations of this study and suggestions for future research were discussed.