본 연구에서는 우리나라 여성의 소셜미디어 이용과 부정적 신체상의 관계를 자기대상화 이론에 기초하여검증하였다. 자기 대상화 이론에서는 사회문화적 맥락으로 인해 여성들이 자신의 신체가 대상화되는 경험을 하게 되고 이로 인해 부정적인 신체상을 가지게 된다고 보았다. 구체적으로 대상화 경험으로써의 소셜미디어 이용 행동을 브라우징과 업로딩 행동으로 나누어, 각 행동이 신체 감시와 신체 수치심을 거쳐 섭식 절제 행동을 예측하는 구조적 모형을 설정하고 20대와 30대 여성을 대상으로 적합도를 검증하였다. 이를 위해 연구대상자는 인스타그램을 이용하는 20대~30대 여성 219명이었다. 신체감시, 신체 수치심, 섭식절제는 설문을 통해 측정하였으며 인스타그램 업로딩 행동은 연구 대상자의 계정에 업로드된 본인이 등장하는 사진의 수로, 브라우징 행동은 연구 대상자가 팔로잉하는 여자 아이돌 가수 계정, 여성 모델, 패션, 뷰티 관련 쇼핑몰 등의 계정의 수로 측정하였다. 분석 결과, 업로딩 행동과 브라우징 행동이 서로 다른 경로를 통해 자기 대상화 관련 변인에 영향을 주고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 업로딩 행동은 신체 감시와신체 수치심을 완전 매개하여 절제된 섭식 행동을 예측하였고, 브라우징 행동은 신체 수치심을 매개하여절제된 섭식 행동을 예측 하였다. 즉, 업로딩 행동이 높을수록 신체 감시와 신체 수치심이 촉진되고, 절제된 섭식 행동이 높아졌다. 또한 브라우징 행동은 직접적으로 신체 수치심에 영향을 미쳐 절제된 섭식 행동을 예측하였다. 끝으로, 연구 결과를 토대로 본 연구의 시사점 및 추후 연구 방향에 대해 논의하였다.
This study investigated the relationship between social media use and negative body image with a basis on the self-objectification theory. In the self-objectification theory, women experience the objectification of their body in the socio-cultural context, leading to developing negative body image. This study considered the social media use as the objectification experience. We specified the behaviors of social media use as browsing and uploading behaviors, and tested a mediation model in which browsing and uploading predicted eating behaviors via body surveillance and body shame, respectively. Participants were 219 women in the 20s and 30s who were using Instagram. The body image-related Instagram uploading behaviors were measured by the number of selfie, and browsing behaviors measured by the number of body image-related accounts followed by the participants, such as accounts of female idol singer, female model, or fashion, beauty shopping mall. The results showed that uploading and browsing behaviors predicted restricted eating through different routes. Uploading behaviors positively predicted restricted eating via a serial mediation of body surveillance and body shame. Browsing behaviors directly predicted body shame, which, in turn, predicted restricted eating. Lastly, the implications and limitations of this study were discussed.
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