The purpose of this study is to investigate the moderate effect of support of the child and spouse on life event stress and life satisfaction in middle - aged women. For this purpose, we surveyed 350 married women who live in Seoul and Gyeonggi - do, and 330 of them were collected. A total of 323 questionnaires were analyzed except for 7 questions including two questionnaires that were unfaithfully answered and five questionnaires of middle - aged full - time housewives with unmarried children because this study was conducted to analyze middle-aged full-time housewives between 45 and 60 years of age, including one or more married children, The results of this study showed that spousal support was not statistically significant in moderating the relationship between life event stress and life satisfaction in middle - aged women, except family relationship stress. On the other hand, in the relationship between life event stress and life satisfaction of middle-aged women, child support was statistically significant as a role variable moderating the life event stress of all life including economic problems, role relation stress. Based on these results, It presented to the implications and limitations of this study and future research directions.
The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of intrusive and deliberate rumination on the relationship between perceived gender discrimination and depression. For this purpose, two models were established: a hypothesized model and a comparison model. A total of 221 employed women participated in paper-and-pencil and online surveys and responded to the scales that measured the experience of gender discrimination, intrusive and deliberate rumination, and depression. We developed a hypothesized model that included a path from perceived gender discrimination to intrusive rumination, a path from perceived gender discrimination to deliberate rumination, a path from intrusive rumination to deliberate rumination. In addition, three alternative models were developed (Model 1 not including a path from perceived gender discrimination to deliberate rumination, Model 2 not including a path from intrusive rumination to deliberate rumination, and Model 3 examining a total score of rumination as a mediator). The results showed that the mediating effect of intrusive rumination on the relationship between perceived gender discrimination and depression was signifiant. Further, the path that perceived gender discrimination led to depression by dual mediating effects of intrusive rumination and deliberate rumination was significant. Such findings implied that perceived discrimination was associated with depression thought intrusive rumination, but, if intrusive rumination turned to deliberate rumination, it could decrease a level of depression. The implications for counseling and future research and limitations of this study were discussed.
The purpose of this study was to examine actor-partner interdependence effect of insecure adult attachment on marital quality through positive conflict resolution strategies and mediating effect positive conflict resolution strategies. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 281 pairs of pregnant couples in Seoul and Gyeonggi(total 562). APIM analysis was conducted through structural equation modeling for data analysis. The results of the study are as follows. First, actor-effect of insecure adult affection on marital quality appeared. Second, actor-effect of insecure adult affection on positive conflict resolution strategy and the partner-effect of pregnant women were revealed. Third, positive conflict resolution strategies showed actor-partner interdependence effect on marital quality. Fourth, both actor-partner interdependence effect of the indirect path to insecure adult attachment on marital quality through the positive conflict resolution strategy were found. Based on the results of this study, suggestions for improvement of marital quality and positive conflict resolution strategies were suggested.
The purpose of this study was to examine actor-partner interdependence effect of insecure adult attachment on marital quality through positive conflict resolution strategies and mediating effect positive conflict resolution strategies. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 281 pairs of pregnant couples in Seoul and Gyeonggi(total 562). APIM analysis was conducted through structural equation modeling for data analysis. The results of the study are as follows. First, actor-effect of insecure adult affection on marital quality appeared. Second, actor-effect of insecure adult affection on positive conflict resolution strategy and the partner-effect of pregnant women were revealed. Third, positive conflict resolution strategies showed actor-partner interdependence effect on marital quality. Fourth, both actor-partner interdependence effect of the indirect path to insecure adult attachment on marital quality through the positive conflict resolution strategy were found. Based on the results of this study, suggestions for improvement of marital quality and positive conflict resolution strategies were suggested.
The present study aimed to develop group counseling program supporting work-family reconciliation for employed mothers and verify its efficacy. It conducted a survey of 230 employed mothers and constructed a preliminary program. After the preliminary program was demonstrated, the present program was organized into four sessions. To investigate the efficacy, working mothers participated in the experimental group and the control group, 23 and 19 respectively and the study examined if the program reduced their stress, improved mindfulness attention awareness, increased life satisfaction, and enhanced work-family reconciliation. First, the result showed that the stress of the employed mothers in the experimental group was not significantly decreased after they participated in the program, but their stress was reduced after two weeks. Second, their mindfulness attention awareness ability after the program did not reveal a significant difference but the score was increased after two weeks. Third, their life satisfaction was increased after the program and the score was higher than that of the control group. Fourth, for those who in the experimental group the score of work-family reconciliation was significantly increased, but it did not last after two weeks. However, it was significantly high compared to that of the control group. The present research has significance in that it provided the basic data to implement group counseling specialized for employed mothers and developed the structured program, which can be consistently updated.
Based on the Worldview Verification Theory (WVT), the purpose of this study was to examine whether belief in a just world would moderate the relationship between perceived gender discrimination and self-esteem. According to WVT, greater belief in a just world increases the negative effect of perceived discrimination on self-esteem. In study 1, we measured perceived gender discrimination, belief in a just world, and self-esteem among 200 women (aged at least 20). and the result indicated that the moderating effect of belief in a just world was significant. That is, as belief in a just world was greater, the negative effect of perceived gender discrimination on self-esteem increased. In study 2, using priming approach, we examined the moderating effect of belief in a just world. For this, 160 women (aged at least 20) randomly assigned to either gender non-discriminatory group or gender discriminatory group and completed priming tasks. Findings suggested that belief in a just world moderated the association between group and self-esteem. Specifically, the positive association between BJW and self-esteem was smaller in gender discriminatory group, compared to non-discriminatory group.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between gender stereotypes and the satisfaction of couple relationships in early adulthood women. In addition, tried to find out whether self-silencing, which suppresses their own thinking or behavior, and sexual assertiveness which expresses their intention in sexual context play a mediating role. For this purpose, we surveyed 355 unmarried women who are currently engaged in dating for more than 3 months, couple relationship satisfaction, gender stereotypes, self-silencing, and sexual assertiveness. As a result of the analysis, gender stereotypes did not directly predict the satisfaction of the couple relationship but it showed that the satisfaction of the couple relationship was influenced by the simple mediation of self-silence and sexual assertiveness. The dual mediation effect of self-silencing and sexual assertiveness was also proved to be significant. This study is meaningful in that it emphasizes the importance of women's voices in the process of women's thoughts and actions into forming a satisfying relationship. In addition, by examining the influence of stereotypes about gender on individual's relationship, presented directions for individuals and society to move forward.
The purpose of this study is to analyze systematically and synthetically the effect of group counseling program for career-interrupted women’s employment support by reviewing previous research using meta-analysis. To do this, twelve related studies conducted in Korea were selected and the effect sizes of various variables included in each study were calculated. In addition, we calculated the effect size of the program according to the total effect size of the program for career-disrupted women, the main variables. The results of the study are as follows. First, the overall effect size of the career support program for career-disrupted women is .985, which can be interpreted as a large effect size. Second, to examine the variables related to the career support program for career-disrupted women, the effect size was analyzed based on the main variables As a result, according to whether or not they were published in journals, the effect size was larger when they were not published in academic journals. Depending on the control group, the effect size was larger when there was no control group. According to the number of sessions, the effect size was larger when the experiment was conducted for more than 10 sessions. The effect size of the program effect area was in the order of employment and career variables, psychological and emotional variables, and program satisfaction. Participation generation showed a large effect size when two generations participated and there was a large effect size when less than 10 participants participated. Finally, the results of this study were discussed and described the suggestions for future study and career and employment support for career-disrupted women.
This study is a qualitative case study that contextualizes experiences through the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on the mothers of pediatric cancer patients. The previous study focused on program effectiveness. It was difficult to analyze the details of the change of attitude in the context of life with respect to ACT. The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for clinic intervention to improve the wellbeing of the mothers of pediatric cancer patients by analyzing their attitude of the changed life. Five mothers of pediatric cancer patients participated in the study for six sessions, 90 minutes a week for individual therapy. The method of data analysis used were those used by Stake(1995). Assessing the results of the case analysis, the subjects of the study were reported to have a difficult and stressful life as well as a changed outlook on life. Between the case analysis, similarities and differences of experiences were analyzed in the context of each participant. The results of this study discussed the mothers’ expectations, difficulties, effective practice, self-reflection, and seeking value through the ACT program and suggested implications for future clinical practices for mothers of pediatric cancer patients.
This study explored if feminist identity dimensions(Passive Acceptance, Revelation, Embeddedness-Emanation, Synthesis, Active Commitment) respectively moderate the relation between anger and psychological distress, when anger mediated the relation between gender microaggressions and psychological distress. Participants were 387 women in 20s and 30s and they completed the on-line survey which measured gender microaggressions, feminist identity composite, state anger, and general health. The data was analyzed with SPSS 22.0 and PROCESS MACRO 2.16(Hayes, 2012). As a result, anger mediated between gender microaggressions and psychological distress when feminist identity dimensions moderated between anger and psychological distress. Specifically, Passive Acceptance strengthened the relationship between anger and psychological distress. In contrast, Revelation and Active commitment weakened the relationship between anger and psychological distress. Whereas Embeddedness-Emanation and Synthesis had no significant moderating effects on the relationship between anger and psychological distress. Based on the results, the implications of the results, limitations of the study, and suggestions for future research were discussed.
The purpose of this research was to analyze the mediating effect among career resilience, emotional regulation ability, career decision making self efficacy on career interrupted women. For this, survey on career resilience, emotional regulation ability, career decision-making self-efficacy, and career preparation behaviors has been conducted among 243 women nationwide whose career has been interrupted. The survey findings were as follows. First, career resilience has a positively significant correlation with emotional regulation ability, career decision-making self-efficacy, and career preparation behaviors while emotional regulation ability with career decision-making self-efficacy, and career decision-making self-efficacy with career preparation behaviors. Second, career resilience directly or indirectly affects career preparation behaviors through emotional regulation ability and career decision-making self-efficacy, emotional regulation ability did not have an impact on the career preparation behaviors, while emotional regulation ability indirectly affects career preparation behaviors through career decision-making self-efficacy. Therefore, this study have turned out to have double mediating effects. The study has showed a variety of psychological and structural relationships between career resilience and career preparation behaviors among women with career discontinuation. Based on results, implications, limitations and suggestions for future research were discussed.
This study examined mediating effect of partner control, including the Actor-effect and Partner-effect in the process of experience of exposure to family violence influencing on the dating violence. The subjects of this study were 139 couples of men and women in 20s who have been in relationship for 3 months or longer and the self-report scale of experience of exposure to family violence, dating violence, and partner control was implemented for respective couple. As a result of analyzing the path model using the actor-partner interdependence model, the experience of men’s family violence exposure has a direct effect on the perpetration and victimization of dating violence of women and it has a significant influence on the perpetration and victimization of dating violence of men through the partner control of men. On the other hand, the experience of women's exposure to family violence did not have a significant effect on the perpetration and victimization of dating violence in men and partner control has a direct effect on the perpetration and victimization of dating violence of men and women. Such a result shows that the experience of exposure to family violence would have mutually different influence to the dating violence of men and women and the partner control of the couples would have the reciprocity. This study is limited to applying to couples who have experience of family violence exposure because they have conducted general couples who have not been exposed to family violence exposure. Despite of such limitations, this study is the first domestic study of dating violence by adult male and female couples using APIM. also, It is meanigful that the variables affecting dating violence have been systematically studied.