This study empirically examined the relationship between work-family conflict and career commitment of married working women. Two forms of work-family conflict, time-based conflict and strain-based conflict, were defined. It was analyzed what effects these two forms of the conflict have on career commitment. In addition, achievement orientation and family-friendly benefit policies were explored as moderators of the relationship. Multiple hierarchical regression analyses were undertaken using data from 204 married working women. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, two forms of the conflict were negatively related to career commitment but time-based conflict has a greater negative effect than strain-based conflict. Second, achievement orientation was found to have moderating effects. Women with higher expectation of achievement showed less negative relationship than women with lower expectation between the conflict and career commitment. Third, family-friendly benefit policies were also found to have moderating effects. Women perceiving higher level of family-friendly benefit policies showed less negative relationship between the conflict and career commitment than women perceiving lower level of policies. Based on aforementioned results, this study finally discussed managerial implications.
This preliminary research concerned on adolescent's prostitution and love relationship focused on sociocultural and psychological influences in terms of literature review and an analyses of publicity in Korean culture. Recently, love relationship of Korean adolescents has became socially issued problem compared with Japanese love relationship. The author would like to investigate child abuse including sexual abuse and parent's breeding attitude for their children, runaways, sexual experiences, and being socially stigmatized as outsiders as the pathways to prostitution and love relationship.
The present study tried to suggest the appropriate direction and contents of the adolescence sexual education by exploring adolescence's sexual attitudes and behaviors. In a sample survey of 2048 male and female high school students, adolescence's need for sexual education, conflicts, knowledge, behaviors were asked. Results showed that the contests of sexual education students studied in the past as well as the need for the future educations differed by gender. Male and female students also had different contents of sexual conflicts, knowledge, and attitudes. As resemble, experiences of sexual behaviors and reasons of sexual behaviors as well as of not using contraceptive devices were clearly different by gender. These results showed that in executing the adolescence sexual education, contents and directions of education were prepared carefully depending of gender of students.
Recently the active progress being made in the social movement for activating Internet economy while the usage of internet is increasing dramatically among the main group of consumption, women. This study used 'New Technology Model' of Davis(1989) including anxiety variable to propose a new e-commerce acceptance model with the object of understanding the characteristics of women internet users which will be followed by building a solid foundation of active e-commerce. The new model was verified by the group of internet users in both sex to examine the existence of sex difference in the external variables which has a influence to latent variable of model. Both of online and offline methods using Internet and survey were used to 911 Internet users. New models were adequate for both of male and female user groups in accordance with general fit indices from LISREL analysis. It explained us well the attitude, intention and actual usage of e-commerce depended on usefulness, easiness and anxiety toward e-commerce. Unlike male user group, female user group didn't have significant connection between intention and actual usage because of higher perception of anxiety induced by contact-less environment of e-commerce. Based upon the result of research, we proposed supporting elements to increase the purchase in the cyberspace as well as limits and subjects in future research.
The divorce rate of 1998 in Korean society was increased up to 32.1%. This sharp increasing suggests us to think of divorce as one of the most serious social issues. This study reviewed the legal system and situation of divorce during the Unified Shilla, Korea and Chosun Dynasty and the Japanese Ruling period. Current regal system for divorce which was revised at 1990 was reviewed in comparison with the previous version. The current legal system had adopted the right to meet his or her children and the right to recover his or her property in order to promote the right of women particularly in the case of divorce. Although the revision of the legal system, the women still suffer lots of difficulties as well as various unfair results in the process of divorce. In general, conservative social attitude and notion on divorce has been changed toward liberalism: for example, the remarriage rate of women has been increased steadily. The needs and possibilities of psychological studies on divorce were discussed in terms of not only readjustment but also prevention for the divorced people.
The present study was designed to explore gender differences concerning avoidance and anxiety characteristic of adult attachment, romantic love, and personality traits. Qeustionnaires on the Adult Romantic Attachment, STLS and Big Five traits were administered to 540 undgergraduates comprising 270 heterosexual couples. Results indicated that women marked than men higher scores on anxiety, with no gender difference in avoidance. Also, men and women had similar scores on each subscale of STLS which had a negative correlation with avoidance and anxiety. Self ratings and meta-perceptions of Big Five were higher for men than for Women and vice versa for ratings of ideal and current partners. Further, each of Big Five, regardless of the type of perceptions, had a negative correlation with avoidance and anxiety. For men, however, those correlations with avoidance were larger than those with anxiety. For women, self-peceptions and meta-perceptions of Big Five related more to anxiety than avoidance, whereas it was reversed for ratings of ideal and current partners. These gender differences were discussed in the contexts of interpersonal relationships.
The present study focused on college women's view on socially normative behavior in Korean culture. In western cultures, people tends to attribute their success to their internal attributional dimension(i.e., effort and ability) whereas they are more likely to ascribe their failure to external dimension(i.e., luck and task difficulty). This phenomenon is defined as 'self-serving bias'. However, in Asian cultures, esp. Korean cultures, most people would attribute their success to external dimension of attribution such as parent's support, luck, task difficulty and their failure to internal dimension such as ability and effort. These phenomenon, seemingly is a contrast to western cultures. But, in Korean culture, these behaviors are result in socially internalized norms and values. Consequently, these behaviors are evaluated as not honest and ritualized behavior. This study was conducted by 2(ingroup/outgroup) by 2(victory/defeat) by 6(attributional dimension; luck, task difficulty, my effort, friend's effort, my ability, friend's ability) factorial design. The results revealed that more humble person was not honest even though he or she was evaluated more prefered person as his or her friend, group member and components of society. Additionally, he or she was evaluated as matured one and one with propriety. What humble person was to attribute his or her success to external dimension and to show group-enhancing bias.
The object of the present study was two fold. One was to darify the concept of reminiscence by examining its functions and to construct a Korean-reminiscence functions scale for elderly(K-RFS-E). Second was to compare the gender difference in reminiscence functions. The the items of the reminiscence functions scale for Korean elderly was developed though analyzing existing reminiscence functions scales, and free response survey and were given to 295 people aged over 60 and factor analyzed. Though this analysis, 27 items and 9 factors were extracted. Based on this scale, gender differences were compared and all the factors showed a significant gender difference as well as the total reminiscence functions score. Especially, male elderly showed grater frequency in identity exploration, transmission, and conversation whereas the female elderly showed greater frequency in contrition, intimacy maintenance, escapist, death preparation and problem solving factors.