- P-ISSN1738-3110
- E-ISSN2093-7717
- SCOPUS, ESCI
ISSN : 1738-3110
Vol.12 No.6
Abstract
Purpose - The purposes of this editorial review are twofold:firstly, to introduce the four flagship international journals of theKorea Distribution Science Association(KODISA): the Journal ofDistribution Science(JDS), the Journal of Industrial Distribution &Business(JIDB), the East Asian Journal of BusinessManagement(EAJBM), and the Journal of Asian Finance,Economics and Business(JAFEB), and secondly, to identify thedirection of the KODISA journals and the roles and responsibilitiesof the editors of the KODISA journals. Research design, data, and methodology - To achieve thegoals, firstly, this review paper addresses the current progressof the four KODISA journals: JDS, JIDB, EAJBM, and JAFEB. Secondly, this paper defines the aims and missions of the fourKODISA journals. JDS publishes the articles of examining past,current, and emerging trends and concerns in the area of distributionscience and economics, logistics and SCM, transportation,distribution channel management, distribution innovationand information technology, merchandising and procurement,distribution and marketing, consumer behavior, and manufacturing,wholesaling, and retailing. JDS publishes both quantitativeand qualitative research as well as scholarly commentaries,case studies, book reviews and other types of reports relatingto all aspects of distribution. JIDB publishes the articles ofexamining past, current, and emerging trends and concerns in the areas of industry and corporate behavior, industry policymaking, industrial distribution and business, e-commerce, andservice industry. EAJBM publishes empirical and theoretical researchpapers as well as scholarly commentaries, case studies,book reviews, and other types of reports relating to all aspectsof East Asian business and economy. JAFEB publishes originalresearch analysis and inquiry into the contemporary issues of finance,economics and business management in Asia, includingCentral Asia, East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and MiddleEast. The mission of JAFEB is to bring together the latest theoreticaland empirical finance, economics and business managementresearch in Asian markets. The audiences of the KODISAjournals include higher education institutions, scholars, industryresearchers and practitioners, scientists, economists, and policymakers throughout the world. The main mission of the KODISAjournals is to provide an intellectual platform for internationalscholars, promote interdisciplinary studies in social sciences andeconomics, and become leading journals in the social scienceand economics category in the world. Thirdly, this paper addressesthe current status of indexing in major databases of theKODISA journals, namely: Cabell’s Directories, EBSCO,SCOPUS (Elsevier), and Social Sciences Citation Index® (SSCI,Thomson Reuters). Fourthly, this paper identifies the roles andresponsibilities of the editors of the KODISA journals as the following:(1) Make sure that the journal be published in a timelymanner and in international standards both in print and onlineversions. (2) Maintain the online homepage of the journal is alwaysaccessible to, and (3) Make sure that every article shouldgo through a peer review process that meets internationalstandards. Findings and conclusion - To accomplish the goals and missionsof the KODISA journals, the editors of the KODISA journalsmust work together to publish high scholarly journals thatmeet international standards of journal publications.
Abstract
Purpose – In general, researchers try to abide by the code ofresearch ethics, but many of them are not fully aware of plagiarism,unintentionally committing the research misconduct whenthey write a research paper. This research aims to introduce researchersa clear and easy guideline at a conference, whichhelps researchers avoid accidental plagiarism by addressing theissue. This research is expected to contribute building a climateand encouraging creative research among scholars. Research design, data, methodology & Results – Plagiarismis considered a sort of research misconduct along with fabricationand falsification. It is defined as an improper usage ofanother author’s ideas, language, process, or results without givingappropriate credit. Plagiarism has nothing to do with examiningthe truth or accessing value of research data, process, orresults. Plagiarism is determined based on whether a researchcorresponds to widely-used research ethics, containing propercitations. Within academia, plagiarism goes beyond the legalboundary, encompassing any kind of intentional wrongful appropriationof a research, which was created by anotherresearchers. In summary, the definition of plagiarism is to steal other people’s creative idea, research model, hypotheses, methods,definition, variables, images, tables and graphs, and usethem without reasonable attribution to their true sources. Thereare various types of plagiarism. Some people assort plagiarisminto idea plagiarism, text plagiarism, mosaic plagiarism, and ideadistortion. Others view that plagiarism includes uncredited usageof another person’s work without appropriate citations, self-plagiarism(using a part of a researcher’s own previous researchwithout proper citations), duplicate publication (publishing a researcher’sown previous work with a different title), unethical citation(using quoted parts of another person’s research withoutproper citations as if the parts are being cited by the currentauthor). When an author wants to cite a part that was previouslydrawn from another source the author is supposed to revealthat the part is re-cited. If it is hard to state all the sourcesthe author is allowed to mention the original source only. Today, various disciplines are developing their own measures toaddress these plagiarism issues, especially duplicate publications,by requiring researchers to clearly reveal true sourceswhen they refer to any other research. Conclusions - Research misconducts including plagiarismhave broad and unclear boundaries which allow ambiguous definitionsand diverse interpretations. It seems difficult for researchersto have clear understandings of ways to avoid plagiarismand how to cite other’s works properly. However, if guidelinesare developed to detect and avoid plagiarism consideringcharacteristics of each discipline (For example, social scienceand natural sciences might be able to have different standardson plagiarism.) and shared among researchers they will likelyhave a consensus and understanding regarding the issue. Particularly, since duplicate publications has frequently appearedmore than plagiarism, academic institutions will need to providepre-warning and screening in evaluation processes in order toreduce mistakes of researchers and to prevent duplicatepublications. What is critical for researchers is to clearly revealthe true sources based on the common citation rules and to onlyborrow necessary amounts of others’ research.
Abstract
Purpose - This research undertakes to understand the competitivenessof the steel distribution industry of both Korea andChina to strengthen Korea-Sino economic cooperation, examinesimpediments to trade between the two countries to analyzecauses which affect trade, and examines improvements in theseareas to identify means of trade expansion. Through this surveyof a defined period, we can identify the structural factors oftrade dependence in the relationship between Korea and China. Research design, data, and methodology - The data werecollected from the Korea Traders Association, the KoreaCustoms Office, and UN Comtrade, from which whole table indexesare calculated. The research methodology uses trade-relatedindexes to focus on analyzing comparative advantagesbased on time-series analysis statistics data (2000–2012) by usingthe analysis index of trade intensity index (TII), the revealedcomparative advantage index (RCA), and the trade specializationindex (TSI). Results - The export ratio for Korea to China was slightlyhigher in 2000 at 2.867, and the export ratio for Korea to Chinawas sustained in 2005. However, it diminished gradually, reaching1.263 in 2012. During the period 2000–2012, the indexeswere maintained without any significant change. However, theystill remain close to –1. In particular, in 2012 it is the closest it has ever been to –1. Therefore, China has a comparative advantagein export specialization. On the other hand, Korea hasa comparative advantage in import specialization. For the researchperiod, all indexes were much lower than 1, whichmeans that Korea has consistently had a comparative disadvantageagainst China for the past 10 years when comparedto other industries, even though it experienced improvement in2000. Conclusions - The summary of conclusions based on empiricalanalysis research are as follows: First, per the trade intensityindex of industries between the two countries, we concludethat the export ratio index in 2000 is 2.867, which meansthe export ratio of Korea to China is slightly higher. Furthermore, the ratios of 2.259 and 1.263 held in 2005 and2012, respectively, meaning that the export ratio of Korea toChina was maintained in 2005, but was diminishing gradually asthe index in 2012 was 1.263. Second, per the trade specializationindex of the steel distribution industry between Koreaand China, the value was –0.379 in 2000, -0.368 in 2005 and-0.568 in 2012. Looking at the whole period of 2000–2012, theindexes remained without any significant change. However, theyare still moving closer to –1. In particular, in 2012 it is the closestit has ever been to –1. Third, regarding the revealed comparativeadvantage index of the steel distribution industry betweenKorea and China, the RCA indexes in 2005 and 2012are 0.246 and 0.306, respectively, which are still far from 1,even though the index has improved compared to the 2000’svalue of 0.0001. Therefore, the Korean steel distribution industryis at a significant comparative disadvantage to that of theChinese steel distribution industry.
Abstract
Purpose - Environmental issues, climatic changes, and greenhousegases are problems to be solved at a global level. Withan increased emphasis on the environmental and social responsibilityof the management of companies, the manner in whichcompanies approach quality-oriented culture and their individualsustainability management are being discussed as truly importantissues to help them secure their competitiveness andgrowth strategies. This study proposes strategic directions tohelp manufacturers not only in expanding their competitive quality-oriented company culture but also in strengthening their sustainabilitymanagement abilities. This study conducts a literaturereview and empirical research to examine how significantly thevariables of a quality-oriented company culture, customer-centeredmanagement, and process-centered and supply chainmanagement-centered cooperation affect sustainability managementperformance in relation to economic profitability, environmentalintegrity, and social responsibility. Research design, data, and methodology - To verify researchmodels and hypotheses, the study examined 170 companies usinga questionnaire survey conducted over six weeks, and involvedthe performance of data analysis on 146 samples. Questionnaire responses were calibrated based on a Likertscale. The study used the Smart PLS 2.0 program designed forPLS (partial least squares), an analysis instrument of SEM(structural equation modeling). The study then verified empiricalresearch hypotheses working on reliability analysis, validity analysis,factorial analysis, and path analysis.Results - Among the nine hypotheses, four are accepted andthe rest are rejected. A quality-oriented company culture focusingon customer-centered management significantly influencedthe maintainability management performance of environmental integrityand social responsibility, while economic profitability wasdismissed. A process-focused quality-oriented company culturewas significantly concerned with economic profitability but notwith environmental integrity or social responsibility. A supply-chain cooperative company culture had a significant effect oneconomic profitability but not on environmental integrity or socialresponsibility. Conclusion - This study proposes strategic directions to helpmanufacturers expand their competitive quality-oriented companyculture as well as strengthen abilities with sustainabilitymanagement. It conducts a literature review and empirical researchto examine how significantly the variables of quality-orientedcompany culture, customer-centered management, andprocess-centered and supply chain management-centered cooperationaffect sustainability management performance in relationto economic profitability, environmental integrity, and socialresponsibility. There are two main conclusions. First, companiesshould consider the need for social responsibility managementand environmental transparent management-focused maintainabilitymanagement as avenues to create new markets andbusiness, thereby helping the companies secure a reputation forhaving a customer and process-centered quality-oriented companyculture by creating shared values between supply chainsand enabling win-win situations through cooperation. Second, weare marching towards a creative win-win era from a society ofconflicts and ruptures. Companies should understand that socialresponsibility management and supply chain management(SCM)-focused cooperation are the foundations of sustainabledevelopment, as they try to improve their culture while pursuingboth win-win relationships with interested parties and equity invarious conflictive relations.
Abstract
Purpose – This study aims to investigate a solution to reducethe negative reactions arising from the performance of duties orthe job distress of workers in the service industry, because humanresource statistics regarding workers in the service sectorhave been unreported, while concerns regarding exposure toemotional exertion and poor working conditions have been continuouslyincreasing. Research design, data, and methodology – This study specificallyfocused on workers in highway service areas. It differsfrom previous studies because it involves the perspective of theperson-organization fit and regards workers’ cognition of leadersthrough the psychological distance toward the leader and thecontact frequency between workers and leaders within theframework of the leader-individual fit. Moreover, this study highlightsthe role of the self-leadership of workers as an importantfactor that becomes manifested in the individual-level fit to theorganization. Hence, this study investigates whether the positiverole of the above factors, in turn, could reduce job distress. Workers from highway service areas in Gyeonggi-do provinceprovided data; 141 valid questionnaires are collected. SPSS19.0 and AMOS 19.0 were used to test the reliability and validityof constructs. Simple regression, multiple regression, and 3step mediation tests were used to test the hypotheses after thecorrelation tests. Results - Results indicated that leader-member contact frequencyand psychological distance have negative effects on job distress but positive effects on self-leadership. A mediation testrevealed that self-leadership, in the relationships between contactfrequency and job distress and between psychological distanceand job distress, resulted in partial mediation and full mediation,respectively. Conclusions - The result can be understood through two differentpossible explanations. First, service area workers generallypossess a positive perspective toward their leaders. Thiscan be interpreted to mean that increased contact frequencyand psychological distance would be considered as supportsfrom the leader, rather than intrusive controls or managementschemes. Therefore, the management in highway service areasshould invest efforts in increasing contact frequency as well asmaximizing psychological similarities by adopting the viewpointsof workers in terms of moral and ethical management, to reducethe workers’ job distress. The results relating to self-leadership also indicate that increasedcontact frequency must be accompanied by intentionsfor the effective promotion of workers’ self-leadership. It alsosignifies the necessity of a strategic approach by leaders to induceworkers to perceive “in-group”ness as suggested both bythe similarity-attraction theory and by the social identity theory. In addition, the results of the mediation test of self-leadershipindicate that because workers’ self-leadership activates upon increasedcontact frequency by the leader, it should not be ameans of control and should not be utilized only from the perspectiveof management. It is also suggested that strategiessuch as transfer of authority could have a positive effect in promotingthe expansion of self-influence from workers.
Abstract
Purpose - The world now recognizes environmental disruptionas a serious issue when regarding growth-oriented strategies;therefore, environmental preservation issues become pertinent. Consequently, green distribution is continuously emphasized. However, studying the prediction and association of distributionand the environment is insufficient. Most existing studies aboutgreen distribution are about its necessity, detailed operationmethods, and political suggestions; it is necessary to study thedistribution service industry and environmental service industrytogether, for green distribution. Research design, data, and methodology - ARIMA (auto-regressivemoving average model) was used to predict the environmentalservice and distribution service industries, and theGranger Causality Test based on VAR (vector auto regressive)was used to analyze the causal relationship. This study used 48quarters of time-series data, from the 4th quarter in 2001 to the3rd quarter in 2013, about each business type’s production index,and used an unchangeable index. The production indexabout the business type is classified into the current index andthe unchangeable index. The unchangeable index divides thecurrent index into deflators to remove fluctuation. Therefore, it iseasy to analyze the actual production index. This study usedthe unchangeable index. Results – The production index of the distribution service industryand the production index of the environmental service industryconsider the autocorrelation coefficient and partial autocorrelationcoefficient; therefore, ARIMA(0,0,2)(0,1,1)4 andARIMA(3,1,0)(0,1,1)4 were established as final prediction models,resulting in the gradual improvement in every production indexof both types of business. Regarding the distribution service in-dustry’s production index, it is predicted that the 4th quarter in2014 is 114.35, and the 4th quarter in 2015 is 123.48. Moreover, regarding the environmental service industry’s productionindex, it is predicted that the 4th quarter in 2014 is110.95, and the 4th quarter in 2015 is 111.67. In a causal relationship analysis, the environmental service industryimpacts the distribution service industry, but the distributionservice industry does not impact the environmentalservice industry. Conclusions - This study predicted the distribution service industryand environmental service industry with the ARIMA model,and examined the causal relationship between them throughthe Granger causality test based on the VAR Model. Predictionreveals the seasonality and gradual increase in the twoindustries. Moreover, the environmental service industry impactsthe distribution service industry, but the distribution service industrydoes not impact the environmental service industry. Thisstudy contributed academically by offering base line data neededin the establishment of a future style of management andpolicy directions for the two industries through the prediction ofthe distribution service industry and the environmental serviceindustry, and tested a causal relationship between them, whichis insufficient in existing studies. The limitations of this study arethat deeper considerations of advanced studies are deficient,and the effect of causality between the two types of industrieson the actual industry was not established.
Abstract
Purpose - The competitiveness of logistics in the 21st centuryrests on ensuring the efficiency and effectiveness of its localhub. While considering entry into a niche market in local logistics,it is pertinent to note that Budapest is emerging as a hubin EU enlargement in Eastern Europe. Big, small, and medium-sized businesses in Korea entered Hungary in the early1990s since then, there has been a significant increase inKorean presence, of approximately 130 times. This study aimedto identify the key distribution issues that have emerged in relationto Eastern Europe. Research design, data, and methodology - This study indicatesthat 33 major Korean companies were located inHungary, which serves as an out post to enter the Europeanmarketplace. However, Korea's exports to Hungary have declined(-32.0% in 2012) because of a loss of competitivenessagainst multinational corporations, due to factors such as therise in current local distribution costs and wages. Hungary, onthe other hand, through diversification and expansion of foreigntrade with the non-EU markets, including Korea, is increasing itsexports. Strategies of emerging countries are compared and reviewedin this study, by examining the vicissitudes of Hungary’sdistribution methods. Results - There are issues regarding Hungary's innovativeability. Hungary has a history of low wages and high skilledlabor. However, the outflow of high-quality human resources forhigh-wages has become more extensive, and this underlinesconcerns that the CEE’s trade hub is moving to neighboringcountries. After the European financial crisis in 2010, theHungarian economy is now developing, because of the IMF’smeasures, and it is being transformed into a trade surplus nation,while regaining distribution volumes rapidly. However, ifthere is continued lack of investment, the supply chain is weakenedand exports decline amidst competition with TNCs or with China’s distribution networks. Conclusions - It is necessary to create a new logistics approachfor increasing trade between Korea and Hungary. First,Korean small and medium enterprises (SMEs) should build trustby working with advanced Hungarian talent, and they should expandinto state-of-the-art fields instead of being confined to traditionalsectors. Second, this study focuses on limiting and loweringtheir high expectations for success according to foreign directinvestment (FDI) inflows and the role in the CEE distributionhub Korea should try to strengthen the distribution hubwith its centralized population, using better, more highly educatedhuman resources, thereby sustaining more innovativeability. Further, the positive effects of these measures are manifestedin enhanced business on both sides of Hungary, namely,the EU and non-EU nations such as Turkey and emerging marketsaround Europe, and a better engagement in the coreplacement of culture and industry. For this, Korea can contributeto, and benefit from, a Hungarian logistics center, for adoptingthe high-tech cluster systems and commercializing distributiontechnology such as RFID·USN.
Abstract
Purpose - This study aims to accomplish three major researchgoals. First, it strives to change consumers’ focus fromperipheral routes to a central route of public service advertisingrelated to the good health policy, without problematic effects, byinfluencing consumers’ knowledge or involvement. Second, thisstudy examines the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) and construallevel theory (CLT). Specifically, we consider that the centralroute of ELM might correspond with the focal goal of CLT. Third, this study analyzes ELM through CLT. That is, ELM predictedthat low involvement would take the peripheral route, andhigh involvement would take the central route. Research design, data, and methodology - This study consistedof three experiments. The first experiment had a 2×2 between-subject design. The subjects were university students andthe research period was approximately one year. The first independentvariable was the involvement of the overweight issue;this variable was measured and split by the median. The secondindependent variable was the temporal distance (near vs. distant future); this variable was manipulated. The second experimentalso had a 2×2 between-subject design. The first variablewas the involvement of cervical adenocarcinoma prevention,and was considered already manipulated by sex. Specifically,males had a low involvement of the disease, but females hadhigh involvement. The second independent variable was priming(power vs. submissive). Power priming would induce abstractthinking, but submissive priming would take concrete processing. The third experiment had a 2×2×2 between-subject design. Thefirst variable was cognitive depletion, and was manipulated by memorizing 9-digit numbers. The second and third independentvariables were involvement and abstract thinking induction, suchas prior experiments. Data were collected through questionnaires,and were analyzed by an SPSS program. Major hypotheseswere tested by examining the interaction effectsthrough ANOVA. Results - Major findings are as follows. First, even for low-involvedconsumers in the overweight category, distant future manipulationinduced them to focus not on the peripheral route buton the central route of the public service advertisement. This resultdoes not correspond to the typical ELM prediction. Second,under power priming, low-involved males of the cervical adenocarcinomacategory focused on the peripheral route becauseof the induction to abstract thinking. This result replicated thefirst experiment, and confirmed the theoretical robustness. Third,high-involved females focused not on the central but on the peripheralroute under the mixed condition of cognitive depletionand near future manipulation. Depletion consumed cognitive resources,and the processing mode of consumers changed fromsystematic to heuristic. Conclusions - ELM needs to be complemented through CLTin context of public service good health advertising. Specifically,the involvement of ELM may impact consumers’ thinking mode(abstract vs. concrete), and the interaction effects may influenceconsumers’ focus on advertising (central vs. peripheral route). This study’s limitations were bounded subjects, limited stimuli,and somewhat weak external validity.
Abstract
Purpose - Entrepreneurship promotion is emerging as an importanteconomic growth agenda. However, in Korea, entrepreneurshiphas weakened because of the collapse of theventure bubbles of the 2000s and the global economic recessionin 2008, which have induced the business community tochoose stability over risk. The Korean government has been implementingseveral support projects to inspire and promoteyouth entrepreneurship through various means including financialassistance; however, the perpetuation rate of young entrepreneurshipis still low as compared to advanced economiessuch as the US and EU. This case study focuses on the Youth Start-Up BusinessSupport Program of the Small & Medium Business Corporation,and explores practical alternatives. Further, it aims to suggestmanagerial factors and a conceptual model for change managementfactors affecting the business performance creation of astartup company, based on the Small and medium BusinessCorporation’s young venture startup fund. Research design, data, and methodology – Many studies examinethe current progress and issues of startup firms, for example,a lack of systematic cultivation of entrepreneurship andstartup business training, lack of commercialization funding foryouth startup businesses, lack of mentoring, and inadequateinfrastructure. From prior research, we address four factors,namely, personal managerial capabilities, innovative businessmodel, sufficient cash flow, and social network, affecting startupcompanies’ business performance. This study involved a samplesurvey of 200 young entrepreneurs to investigate casual relationsbetween the four factors and business performance. A re-gression analysis was used to verify the hypotheses. Results - First, in relation to differences in the founder’s personalcharacteristics, age, sales amount, and number of employeessignificantly impact business performance. Second, regardingthe causal relation between the four factors for creating businessperformance, an innovative business model and social networkinghave supported the hypotheses, revealing that the morethat a start-up founder has an innovative business model andsocial networking, the more the start-up firms are likely to havebetter performance (e.g., sales volume, employment, ROE, ROI,etc.). Although the founder’s competency and sufficient cashflow have no significant relationship with business performance,the mean value was higher performance for high founder’s competencyand sufficient cash flow. Conclusions - This study provides basic data on policy supportstrategies of the Small and Medium Business Corporation,to help young entrepreneurs achieve their start-up businessgoals. It shows that young entrepreneurship startup firms shouldstrive to explore ideas to satisfy customers’ needs, and thatchanges in customer value and the continuous innovation ofbusiness model differentiation are required to actively respond tochange management. Moreover, at the infant startup stage, theyshould activate social network programs to share information,thereby offsetting resource scarcity and managing business risk. Further, the establishment of a long-term vision and the implementationof training programs in related specific fieldsshould be supported to strengthen founders’ personalcapabilities.