- Log In/Sign Up
- P-ISSN1738-3110
- E-ISSN2093-7717
- SCOPUS, ESCI
ISSN : 1738-3110
The Effect of using Computer & Smart-phone on Decreased Work Efficiency due to Musculoskeletal Disorders ; Mediating Effect of Perceived Musculoskeletal Disorders
Abstract
Purpose - Average using time of smart-phone for Korean people is 3 hours 39 minutes and most people who are using a computer at home and their workplace can be affected over force to neck and shoulder due to unstable body posture. musculoskeletal disorders which caused by unstable body posture can affect strongly to decrease work efficiency. So this research is designed to measure the effect of using computer & smart-phone on decreased work efficiency due to musculoskeletal disorders and mediating effect between decreased work efficiency and musculoskeletal disorders. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - The author has developed a questionnaire with 6 hypothesis on the basis of previous research result with 5 constructs. The questionnaires were also made by interview and E-mail. 300 copies of questionnaires were distributed and 282 questionnaire were used for the analysis as valid data responses. SPSS ver.21.0 were used and made Cronbach's α and reliability test, correlation, Baron & Kenny 3 step mediated regression analysis. Result - Cronbach's α shows 0.770~0.954 and C.R. is 0.963~0.997 which is higher than 0.7. and AVE was 0.867~0.933. So the data are all acceptable condition. Using for a long time of a computer & smart-phone has a positive effect on musculoskeletal disorders. This means, it can cause musculoskeletal disorders if people use a computer & smart-phone for a long time due to unstable body posture. And musculoskeletal disorders can effect strongly decrease work efficiency. This study also found out that a long time of using computer can cause musculoskeletal disorders rather than using smart-phone a long time. To check mediate effect of musculoskeletal disorders between using a computer & smart-phone and Decreased Work Efficiency, author used 3-step mediated regression analysis of Baron & Kenny (1986). Using a computer for a long time mediate partially and using a smart-phone for a long time mediate completely. This means that using a smart-phone a long time is not the actual reason to decrease work efficiency. But using level of smart-phone is increasing rapidly day by day. So we need to make additional research about this matter seriously. Conclusion - Nowadays, people can not live on without a computer & smart-phone even a moment. But, using a computer for a long time will affect to cause musculoskeletal disorders and it will effect strongly to decrease work efficiency. Before, we thought over that musculoskeletal disorders were diseases of elder people. But, we found out from this study that musculoskeletal disorders can be happen to any people, even children, or workers in heavy industry or engaged in brain work. So we need to be careful when we use a computer for a long time. People also need to be careful to keep correct body posture when using both a computer and smart-phone since a smart-phone became more popular and using time level became longer. Due to increased income and living standard of people, physical growth of young people is so rapid. But the physical environment of society is not suitable for them since it can not follow up the speed of growth. Suitable work table is very important to prevent musculoskeletal disorder which can affect decrease work efficiency. For a person, a society or country, increased productivity is very important since it can directly connected to the job satisfaction. Education and reeducation for the people is also important, but to teach them how to keep good condition of health will be more important since it can increase the quality of work efficiency and quality of life. Computer and Smart-phone is one the best invention of modern society, but it can cause mental and physical disease which can affect decrease work efficiency and productivity. So it is necessary to observe attentively for the situation continually.
- keywords
- Using level of Computer, Using level of Smart-phone, Musculoskeletal Disorder, Decrease Work Efficiency
Reference
Berger, E. (2013), Happy Working Mothers? Investigating the Effect of Maternal Employment on Life Satisfaction. Economica, 80, 23-43.
Bevan, Stephen (2014). Musculoskeletal Disorders & Work: The Global Picture. Lancaster, UK. Retrieved June 3, 2014, from http://www.fitforworkeurope.eu/Default.aspx.LocID-0af new01o.RefLocID-0af01j.Lang-EN.htm
Choi, Kyu-Sik (2013). The Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Symptoms Related with Activity of Daily and Its Affecting Factors in Korean Adults. Seoul, Korea: Thesis for Doctorate in Sungkyunkwan University.
Chun, Tae-Yoo, & Park, No-Hyun (2015). The Effect of Augmented Reality Traits on Presence, Flow, and Relational Continuance Behavior with Smart-phones. Journal of Distribution Science, 13(5), 45-52.
Doopedia (2016). Definition of Efficiency: relative meanings. Seoul, Korea: Retrieved January 24, 2016, from http://www.doopedia.co.kr/photobox/market/index.do
Jung, Gap-Jin, Hwang, Hee-Joong, & Song, In-Am (2015). Impact of Internal Marketing Factors on Technological Innovation and Perceived Service Quality in Telecommunications. Journal of Distribution Science, 13(6), 87-96.
Jung, Hee-Jun, & Hong, Suk-Ki (2014). IT Activation of Traditional market based on Responsive Web - Focused on kwangjangmarket Web site. Korea Society of Image Arts and Media, 12(1), 99-110.
Kim, Hee-Jae (2014). A Study of the Internet and Smart-Phone Addiction Diagnosis's Comparison through internet usage pattern of College Students. Journal of Korean association of computer Education, 17(3), 1-10.
Kim, Mi-Ree (2014). Expand E-commerce; New Topic of Change the Traditional Market. Standard media, 32, 108-113.
Korea Communications Commission (2013). Research of Smart-phone actual Usage. Gwacheon, Korea: KCC. Retrieved January 29, 2013, form http://www.kcc.go.kr/user.do?mode=view&page=A05030000&dc=K00000001&boardId=1113&boardSeq=35764
Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (2007). Check List of Musculoskeletal System work burden. Ulsan, Korea: KOSHA. Retrieved November 24, 2007, from http://www.kosha.or.kr/www/boardView.do?menuId=896&contentId=338223&boardType=A
Korea Internet and Security Agency (2013). Report of Wireless Internet actual usage. Seoul, Korea: KISA. Retrieved May 7, 2013 from http://www.kisa.or.kr/notice/notice_View. jsp?mode=view&p_No=4&b_No=4&d_No=1516
Ko, Seong-Ja (2012). Development and Validation of the Mobile Phone Dependence Diagnostic Scale for Elementary School Student. Journal of Elementary Education, 25(2), 43-68.
Lee, Jae-Ho, & Hong, Suk-Ki (2014). The Study of Korea Wave Marketing based on IT for Vitalization of Traditional Market. Journal of Korean Society of Media and Arts. 12(2), 73-84.
Lee, Ju-Hee (2015). The Research of Mobile App Design for Revitalization for Traditional Market. The Journal of the Institute of Internet Broadcasting and Communication, 15(1), 277-282.
Lee, Sung-Ho (2014). The Management of Labor's Musculosketal Disorders and Labor productivity. Fit for work South. Korea, Data of National Assembly. 51-54.
Lee, Sung-Hoon (2011). Evaluating the Influence of Smart-phone Use on the Psycho-physiological Condition. Seoul, Korea: Thesis for master in Kunkook University.
Lee, Young-Ju (2015). Direction of Revitalization for Gang-Won Traditional Market based on Several Case. Research Institute for Gang-Won, 445(20), 1-10.
Lim, Su-Jung (2015). An Empirical Study on Quantitative Work-relatedness for Symptoms of Musculorskeletal Disorders. Incheon, Korea: Thesis for Doctorate in In-Ha University.
Ministry of Labor (2008), Analysis Industrial Disaster. Sejong, Korea: MOEL. Retrieved March 20, 2008 from http://news.molab.go.kr/newshome/mtnmain.php?mtnkey=articleview&mkey=scatelist&mkey2=26&aid=1922
Mobile World Congress Report (2010). Ritrieved April, 5, 2010, from http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2010-03-09/shell-seen-as-best-oil-major-wager-by-analysts-after-bg-deal
Munkerjee, S. (2014). Job Satisfaction in the United States: Are Blacks Still More Satisfied?. Review of Black Political Economy, 41, 61-81.
Nakamura, M., Nishiwaki Y., Ushida T., & Toyama Y. (2011). Prevalence and Characteristics of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain in Japan. J Orthop Science ; 16, 424-432.
NIOSH (1997). National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. Atlanta, USA. Retrieved June 7,1997 from http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/TWH/totalhealth.html
Oh, Kwang-Su (2015). (The) Effect of Smart-phone Addiction on Empathy, Self-respect, and Mental Health among College Students. Korea: Thesis for master in Chodang University.
Park, Soo-Hong, Cho, Hee-Young, & Yang, Ho-Chang (2014). Effect of SNS User's Perceived Interactivity on Using Reluctant Intension Using Modified Prototype/willingness Model. International Commerce and Information Review, 16(3), 151-161.
Poter, L., & Streers, R. (1973), Organizational Work, and Personal Factors in Employee Turnover and Absenteeism, Psychological Bulletin, 800(2), 151-176.
Punnet, L., & Wegman, D. H. (2004). Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders: the Epidemiology Evidence and the Debate. J Electromyography and Kinesiology (14), 13-23.
Shin, Moon-Shik, & Kim, Hyo-Jung (2014). The Effect on Satisfaction with Mediation of Trust Caused by Hypermarket’s Online Image. Journal of Distribution Science, 12(10), 67-74.
Small Enterprise and Market Service (2012). Research on Actual Condition of Traditional Market & Store Management of 2012. Daejeon, Korea: SEMAS. Retrieved March 9, 2012, from http://www.semas.or.kr/web/board/webBoard List.kmdc?bCd=241&pNm=BOA0105
Sousa-Poza, A. (2000). Well-being at Work: a Cross-national Analysis of the Levels and Determinants of Job Satisfaction. Journal of Socio-Economics, 29, 517-538.
The Epoch Times (2011). The cause and Treatment: Blackberry Tumb. Eoch Times. New York, US: Retrieved August 20, 2011 from www.theepochtimes.com/n2/health/blackberry-thumb-cause-and-treatment-62627.html.
Um, Su-Hyun, Choi, Se-You, & Park, Dong-Hyun (2013). An Empirical Study on Relationship between Symptoms of Musculosketal Disorders and Amount of Smart-phone Usage. Korea Safety Award Science Society, 15(2)113-120.
Won, Jong-Wuk (2014). Fit for work South. Korea, Data of National Assembly. 8-23.
Yang, Hee-Jin, Lee, Soo-Hyung, Shim, Kyu-Yeol, & Youn, Myoung-Gil (2014). The Relationship between the Technology-Based Self-Service Convenience Orientation Factor and Convenience in Retail Store. Journal of Distribution Science, 12(10), 11-17.
Yang, Hoe-Chang, & Kim, An-Sik (2014). Effect of the m-VALS on the Mobile Shopping Acceptance Incentive and Consistent Use Intention. Journal of Distribution Science, 12(10), 19-28.
Yang, Hoe-Chang, & Kim, Young-Ei (2015). Intermittent Addiction and Double Sidedness of Thought Suppression: Effects of Student Smart Phone Behavior. Journal of Distribution Science, 13(9), 13-18.
Yoo, In-Sik (2010). Disease of Modern Man, Prevent Head Posture Syndrome and Excercise. International Journal of Steel Structures. 22(4), 60-81.
Yoon, Byung-Sup, Lee, Young-An, & Lee, Hong-Jae (2010). The Effect of Justice Perception with regard to Performance Pay System on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment: With Focus on th Police Official's Perceptions. Korea Social Police Institute, 10(3), 219-238.
Yoon, Ju-Young, Moon, Ji-Suk, Kim, Min-Ji, Kim, Ye-Ji, Kim, Hyun-A, Hur, Bo-Rum, Kim, Jae-Un, Jung, Sun-Yi, Jung, Ji-Eun, & Jung, Hyun-Ji (2011). Smart Phone Addiction and Health problem in University Student. Journal of Korean Association for Crisis and Emergency Management, 3(2), 92-104.
- Downloaded
- Viewed
- 0KCI Citations
- 0WOS Citations