Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the different types of touch depending on the mothers' internal states and the correlation among the internal variables 450 mothers of babies, 6-months-old, were involved. The differences in touch patterns to mothers' depression, parenting stress, anxiety, the feeling of touch, and self-concept were analysed. According to the results, the mothers who had low level of depression, parenting stress, anxiety used more various touch patterns than the mother who had high level of depression, parenting stress, anxiety. Also, those who had positive feelings of touch and self-concept used more diverse touch patterns than those who had negative feeling of touch and self-concept. That is, the optimistic mothers used both active touch and gentle touch. According to the correlation among the variables, self-concept and the feeling of touch is positively correlated. Mothers' level of depression, anxiety and parenting stress are positively correlated. However, each self-concept and feeling of touch is negatively correlated to depression, parenting stress, and anxiety. There, it is supposed that the group of positive self-concept are likely to be positive to the touch, and to feel less depression, stress, and anxiety. The positive self-concept has effect on the touch that plays important role in infancy development. So, helping mothers to have positive self-concept is critical issues in nursing.

Abstract

This study was to estimate the positive effect of maternal responsive interaction on children's pivotal developmental behaviors of children with developmental disabilities. The fifty-five children and their parents were participated in this study. To collect the data, mother-child dyads were videotaped for approximately 5-10 minutes in their daily routine interaction. Videotaped observation was using to assess the mother-child interaction with Maternal Behavior Rating Scales (MBRS) and Child Behavior Rating Scales (CBRS). And children's developmental functioning were assessed by Bayley Scale of Infant Development (BSID-II) and Vindland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS). As a results, it was indicated that the maternal responsive interaction had significantly an influence on promoting the children's pivotal behaviors. Also the results of regression analysis indicated that children's pivotal behaviors were positively effective at promoting and enhancing children's discrete developmental outcomes. However, this study suggest that children's pivotal developmental behaviors should be recognised as an objective behavior in the therapeutic practice to promote developmental functions of children with developmental disabilities.

Abstract

This study was to estimate the positive effect of maternal responsive interaction on children's pivotal developmental behaviors of children with developmental disabilities. The fifty-five children and their parents were participated in this study. To collect the data, mother-child dyads were videotaped for approximately 5-10 minutes in their daily routine interaction. Videotaped observation was using to assess the mother-child interaction with Maternal Behavior Rating Scales (MBRS) and Child Behavior Rating Scales (CBRS). And children's developmental functioning were assessed by Bayley Scale of Infant Development (BSID-II) and Vindland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS). As a results, it was indicated that the maternal responsive interaction had significantly an influence on promoting the children's pivotal behaviors. Also the results of regression analysis indicated that children's pivotal behaviors were positively effective at promoting and enhancing children's discrete developmental outcomes. However, this study suggest that children's pivotal developmental behaviors should be recognised as an objective behavior in the therapeutic practice to promote developmental functions of children with developmental disabilities.

Abstract

The present study investigated autistic children's understanding of the impact of beliefs on emotion. Children watched animation characters who were given containers apparently containing an object they wanted but really containing an object they did not want, or vice versa. Each children were asked to predict the characters' false beliefs (false belief question), the characters' emotional reactions before they opened the containers (false belief-emotion question), the emotional reactions after they opened them (desire-emotion question), and finally they were asked about the real content (reality question). Children's correct responses on the desire-emotion and the reality questions were high across all groups. In contrast, the correct responses on the false belief questions and the false belief-emotion questions in normal 3-. 4-year-old and autistic groups were significantly lower than those in 5-year-old and mentally retarded groups. When the autistic, mentally retarded, and normal 5-year-old groups were closely matched for VMA, the autistic group, compared to the normal and mentally retarded groups, performed significantly worse on the false belief and false belief-emotion questions than on the desire-emotion questions. The results demonstrate that autistic children have a deficit in understanding of emotion caused by false beliefs, which required the understanding of representational mind.

Abstract

This article describes the development and validation of the Multidimensional Scale of Pathological Internet Use for Child(MSPIUC) - Part I. The MSPIUC is a self-report measure and consists of three parts: Part I: Symptoms of Pathological Internet Use, Part II: Causes of Pathological Internet Use, Part III: Motivation of Pathological Internet Use. In first step, item analysis, reliability and construct validity of MSPIUC, Part I were examined in the national sample of children. The 6 sub-scales of MSPIUC, Part I were Compulsive preoccupation with Cyberspace, Tolerance/Heavily Engrossed in Internet login, Excessive orientation to virtual identity, Loss of Self-control, Academic Failure/Health Problems, Impaired Social Relationships. They had sufficient reliability. Evidence for its usefulness as a rating scale is presented. In second step, criterion-related validity were examined in the national sample of children. The results provide support for the reliability, construct validity and content related validity of MSPIUC, Part I, and demonstrated its versatility as a measure of pathological Internet use.

Abstract

The present study was conducted to explore the relationships between the mothers' internal-external locus of control, creative home environment and daughters' and sons' creative personality composed of autonomy, openness and curiosity. Tests for mothers' internal-external locus of control, creative home environment and creative personality were administered to 120 university students. The results were as follows: The mothers' internal locus of control was correlated significantly to the creative home environment. And it was also correlated with the autonomy, openness and total score of creative personality but not with the curiosity. The mothers' external locus of control was a negative significant correlation with the creative environment. Finally the multiple regression analyses demonstrated that the mothers' internal locus of control and creative home environment were the significant predictors of the factors of daughters' and sons' creative personality (autonomy, openness and total score). And the effects of the mothers' internal locus of control on daughters' and sons' creative personality were mediated by a creative home environment.

Abstract

This study investigated the children's deceiving behaviors in relation to those of their parents. The subjects were one hundred and twenty children and their parents. Twenty children for each grade were chosen from one elementary school in Seoul. Pictures of seven episodes of deceiving behavior and a check list were provided to facilitate the interview with each child and a questionnaire was provided for the parents. Children were asked whether they had deceiving experience similar to the episode, how did they evaluate of the experience, and what did they think of their parental attitudes towards their deceiving behaviors. One hundred twenty interviews of the children and one hundred ten parental questionnaire were analyzed. The results were as follows: The children had more experience and were more permissive to the deceiving behaviors as their grades increased. All the children had more experience with prosocial deceiving behaviors than antisocial behaviors. The children's own evaluation of their deceiving behavior and their parental attitudes which they recognized had relation with children's deceiving experience. Whereas, no relation was found with their parents' deceiving experience or parental attitudes of their children's deceiving behaviors.

Abstract

Abstract

This study examined the effects of gender of speakers and their partner and familility on two types of conversational interruption(negative and positive) in the experimental situation. 108 college students were allocated to 8 groups using a 2x2x2 factorial design and 8 hypotheses were formed. Planned analysis revealed negative interruption was occurred more often in the familiar condition than strange one. And males used negative interruption more often to the female partner in the familiar condition. For positive interruption, as predicted females used positive one more often than males and positive interruption were more used to the female partners. Also in the familiar condition more positive interruptions were used to the female partners than male ones.