바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

logo

The Relationship of Developmental Tasks and Happiness in Early Adulthood

Abstract

This study examined the relationship of the achievement of developmental tasks, discrepancies and happiness with 612 adults of thirties. For this purpose seven developmental tasks identified by Jang(2008) and Developmental Task Questionnaire were used. Results revealed the proportion of achieved status was higher than that of not achieved status in all tasks and women's proportion of achieved status was higher than men‘s proportion of that. While women had higher subjective importance in one task than men, men had higher subjective importance in two tasks than women. Generally the achiever of developmental tasks were disposed to pereive more importantly developmental tasks. Two-way ANOVA revealed both of achieved status of developmental task and discrepancies were effective variables for predicting happiness, life satisfaction and self-esteem.

keywords
Submission Date
2009-01-09
Revised Date
2009-02-08
Accepted Date
2009-02-09

Reference

1.

장휘숙(2008). 성인초기의 발달과업과 시작시기에 관한 탐색적 연구. 한국심리학회지: 발달, 21(4), 109-126.

2.

통계청(2008). 인구․가구 및 고용․노동․임금 통계, http://www.kosis.kr/

3.

Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood-A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55, 469-480.

4.

Arnett, J. J. (2003). Conceptions of the transition to adulthood among emerging adults in American ethnis groups. In J. J. Arnett, & N. L. Galambos (Eds.), New directions for child and adolescent development: Exploring cultural conceptions of the transition to adulthood. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass

5.

Baumeister, R. F., Campbell, J. D., Krueger, J. I., & Vohs, K. D. (2003). Does high self-esteem cause better performance, interpersonal success, happiness, or healthier lifestyles? Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 4, 1-44.

6.

Brunstein, J. C., Schultheiss, O. C., & Maier, G. W. (1999). The pursuit of personal goals: A motivational approach to well-being and life adjustment. In J. Brandtstädter, & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Aciton and self-development: Theory and research through the life span (pp. 169-196). Thousand Oaks: Sage.

7.

Byrne, B. (2000). Relationships between anxiety, fear, self-esteem, and coping strategies in adolescence. Adolescence, 35, 201-215.

8.

Davis, M., & Vander Stoep, A. (1997). The transition to adulthood among children and adolescents who have serious emotional disturbance: Part I. Developmental transitions. Journal of Mental Health Administration, 24, 400-427.

9.

Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.

10.

Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity, youth and crisis. New York: Norton.

11.

Galambos, N. L., Turner, P. K., & Tilton-Weaver, L. C. (2005). Chronological and subjective age in emerging adulthood: The crossover effect. Journal of Adolescent Research, 20, 538-556.

12.

Havighurst, R. (1952). Developmental tasks and education. New York: McKay.

13.

Havighurst, R. J. (1982). The world of work. In B. B. Wolman (Ed.), Handbook of developmental psychology. Englewood Cilffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

14.

Heckhausen, J. (1999). Developmental regulation in adulthood: Age-normative and sociostructural constraints as adaptive challenges. New York: Cambridge University Press.

15.

Lyubomirsky, S., & Lepper, H. S. (1999). A measure of subjective happiness: Preliminary reliability and construct validation. Social Indicators Research, 46, 137-155.

16.

McIntosh, W. D., & Martin, L. L. (1992). The cybernetics of happiness: The relation of goal attainment, rumination, and affect. In M. S. Clark (Ed.), Emotion and social behavior (pp. 222-246). Newbury Park: Sage.

17.

Mroczek, D. K., & Kolarz, C. M. (1998). The effect of age on positive and negative affect: A developmental perspective on happiness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(5), 1333-1349.

18.

Pinquart, M., Silbereisen, R. K., & Wiesner, M. (2004). Changes in discrepancies between desired and present states of developmental tasks in adolescence: A 4-process model. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 33, 467-477.

19.

Pope, A. W., McHale, S. M., & Craighead, W. E. (1988). Self-esteem enhancement with children and adulescents. Elmsford: Pergamon Press.

20.

Rosenberg, M. (1979). Conceiving the self. New York: Basic Books.

21.

Schneider, H. D. (1980). The theory of developmental tasks: A pool for many things or more. Aktuelle Gerontologie, 10, 535-542.

22.

Schulenberg, J. E., Bryant, A. L., & O'Malley, P. M. (2004). Taking hold of some kind of life: How developmental tasks reltate to trajectories of well-being during the transition to adulthood. Development and Psychopathology, 16, 1119-1140.

23.

Seiffge-Krenke, I. (2000). Are discrepancies between developmental status and aspired goals a sufficient motivation for developmental progression? In J. Heckhausen (Ed.), Motivational psychology of human development: Developing motivation and motivating development. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

24.

Seiffge-Krenke, I., & Gelhaar, T. (2007). Does successful attainment of developmental tasks lead to happiness and success in later developmental tasks?-A test of Havighurst's (1948) theses. Journal of Adolescence. 4, 1-20.

25.

Shin, D. C., & Johnson, D. M. (1978). Avowed happiness as an overall assessment of the quality of life. Social Indicators Research, 5, 475-492.

26.

Shiner, R. L., & Masten, A. S. (2002). Transactional links between personality and adaptation from childhood through adulthood. Journal of Research in Personality, 36, 580-588.

27.

Westerhof, G. J., Dittmann-Kohli, F., & Thissen, T. (2001). Beyond life satisfaction: Qualitative and quantitative approaches to judgments about the quality of life. Social Indicators Res. 56: 179-203.

28.

Youniss, J., & Yates, M. (1997). Community service and social responsibility in youth. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

logo