바로가기메뉴

본문 바로가기 주메뉴 바로가기

The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology

Clustering by Female College students’ Perfectionism and Attachment: Appearance Dissatisfaction, Appearance Orientation, Abnormal Eating Behaviors, Depression, and Life Satisfaction

Abstract

This study examined a) natural grouping of 211 Korean female college students in terms of two subscales of perfectionism (high standard and discrepancy) and two dimensions of adult attachment (anxiety and avoidance) and b) the differences on appearance dissatisfaction, appearance orientation, abnormal eating behaviors, depression, and life satisfaction among the cluster groups. The results of cluster analysis yielded four groups. First, the ‘nonperfectionism-stable attachment’ group was characterized by low levels of high standard, discrepancy, anxiety attachment, and avoidance attachment. Second, the ‘adaptative perfectionism-stable attachment’ group, characterized by high levels of high standard and low levels of discrepancy, anxiety attachment, and avoidance attachment, reported the lowest levels of appearance dissatisfaction and depression, yet highest level of life satisfaction. Third, the ‘maladaptive perfectionism-anxious attachment’ group, characterized by high levels of high standard, discrepancy, and anxiety attachment and a low level of avoidance attachment, reported the highest levels of appearance orientation and abnormal eating behaviors. Lastly, the ‘negative self-evaluation-unstable attachment’ group, characterized by a low level of high standard but high levels of discrepancy, anxiety attachment, and avoidance attachment, showed the highest levels of appearance dissatisfaction and depression, yet lowest level of life satisfaction.

keywords
완벽주의, 성인애착, 외모불만족, 외모지향성, 이상섭식행동, Perfectionism, Attachment, Appearance Dissatisfaction, Appearance Orientation, Abnormal Eating Behaviors

Reference

1.

고애란, 조선명 (2001). 외모에 대한 사회, 문화적 태도와 신체이미지가 의복추구혜택에 미치는 영향: 청소년기 여학생의 연령집단별 차이 비교. 한국의복학회지, 25(7), 1227-1238.

2.

김민선, 서영석 (2010). 대학생의 부적응적 완벽주의와 성인애착에 따른 집단 분류와심리적 특성에 대한 집단 간 차이. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 22(2), 413-434.

3.

김성현 (2004). 친밀 관계 경험 검사 개정판 타당화 연구: 확증적 요인분석과 문항반응이론을중심으로. 서울대학교 석사학위논문.

4.

김완석, 김정식 (2007). 동아시아 여대생의 신체가치관과 신체존중감: 한국, 중국, 일본의 비교. 한국심리학회지: 사회문제, 13(4), 113-134.

5.

김현희, 김창대 (2011). 완벽주의자 하위유형분류연구-평가염려, 개인기준 완벽주의자를중심으로. 상담학연구, 12(1), 33-391.

6.

남인수, 임승현 (2010). 고등학생의 신체상 자기차이가 신체적 자기개념, 우울, 섭식장애에 미치는 영향. 한국사회체육학회지, 39(1), 363-375.

7.

노경란, 방희정, 조혜자 (2007). 성인애착과 성별에 따른 대인관계 양식의 차이. 한국심리학회지: 여성, 12(4), 471-490.

8.

류애리, 송원영 (2013). 마른 이상적 체형의 내면화 및 신체비교가 이상섭식행동에 미치는 영향에 있어서 신체수치심의 매개효과검증. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 18(2), 345-362.

9.

박미진, 김진희, 정민선 (2009). 취업준비 대학생의 스트레스에 대한 질적 연구. 상담학연구, 10(1), 417-435.

10.

박지연, 신민섭, 김은정 (2011). 내현적 자기애성향과 이상섭식행동의 관계에서 신체에대한 수치심 매개효과 검증. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 30(3), 663-679.

11.

박현주 (2009). Adaptive and maladaptive perfectionists in Korean college students. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 20(2), 337-354.

12.

박현주, 정대용 (2010). 완벽주의 하위집단의특징: 지연행동, 문제해결 평가, 대인관계문제를 중심으로. 상담학연구, 16(5), 975-991.

13.

서민정, 손정락 (2015). 합리적 정서 행동치료가 대학생들의 부적응적 완벽주의, 신체불만족 및 신체상의 암묵적 태도에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 20(3), 547-566.

14.

안신능 (2006). 자기개념에 따른 자기 불일치와삶의 만족의 관계. 연세대학교 석사학위논문.

15.

이민규, 이 호, 박세현, 손창호, 정영조, 홍성국 (1998). 한국판 식사 태도검사-26(The Korean Version of Eating Attitudes Test-26:KEAT-26) 표준화 연구 1: 신뢰도 및 요인분석. 정신신체의학, 6(2), 156-175

16.

이수현, 현명호 (2001). 여중생의 비만도와 신체상 만족도 및 폭식행동이 우울에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 6(1), 195-207.

17.

이아람, 이정윤 (2015). 대학생의 완벽주의 특성에 따른 군집유형. 상담학연구, 16(3), 215-231.

18.

이유리, 김남중 (2013). 여자대학생의 자기효능감이 진로성숙도에 미치는 영향-대학생활적응 매개효과. 청소년학연구, 20(8), 97-120.

19.

이진주, 김은정 (2015). 수용적 긍정심리치료가우울한 대학생의 우울 증상 및 행복에 미치는 효과. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 34(2), 477-503.

20.

전겸구, 최상진, 양병창 (2001). 통합적 한국판CED-D 개발. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 6(1), 59-76.

21.

정상목, 이동귀 (2013). 대학생의 완벽주의 성향에 따른 하위집단의 특징: 수동적/능동적 지연행동, 행복, 우울에서의 차이. 상담학연구, 14(2), 857-875.

22.

조화진, 서영석 (2013). 성인애착과 심리적 디스트레스의 관계. 한국심리학회지 상담 및심리치료, 23(2), 471-490.

23.

Ashby, J. S., Rice, K. G., & Kutchins, C. B. (2008). Matches and mismatches: Partners, perfectionism, and premarital adjustment. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 55, 125-132.

24.

Avalos, L. C., Tylka, T. L., & Wood-Barcalow, W. (2005). The Body Appreciation Scale:Development and psychometric evaluation. Body Image, 2, 285-297.

25.

Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991)Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social psychology, 61, 226-244.

26.

Bowlby, J. (1988). A secure base parent-child attachment and healthy human development: New York: Basic Books.

27.

Brennan, K., Clark, C., & Shaver, P. (1998). Self-report measurement of adult attachment:An integrative overview. In J. Simpson and W. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment Theory and Close Relationships (pp. 46-75). New York: Guilford.

28.

Brown, T. A., Cash, T. F., & Mikulka, P. J. (1990). Attitudinal body-image assessment:Factor analysis of the Body-Self Relations Questionnaire. Journal of Personality Assessment, 55, 135-144.

29.

Cash, T. F., Theriault, J., & Annis, N. M. (2004). Body image in an interpersonal context:Adult attachment, fear of intimacy, and social anxiety. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 23, 89-103.

30.

Cheng, H., & Mallinckrodt, B. (2009). Parental bonds, anxious attachment, media internalization, and body image dissatisfaction:Exploring a mediational model. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56, 365-375.

31.

Chow, S. S. Y., & Chu, M. H. T. (2007). The impact of filial piety and parental involvement on academic achievement motivation in Chinese secondary school students. Asian Journal of Counseling, 14, 91-124.

32.

Cook, B., & Hausenblas, H. A. (2011). Eating disorder-specific health-related quality of life and exercise in college females. Quality of Research, 20, 1385-1390.

33.

Dakanalis, A., Timko, C. A., Zanetti, M. A., Rinaldi, L., Prunas, A., Carra, G., Riva, G., & Clerici, M. (2014). Attachment insecurities, maladaptive perfectionism, and eating disorder symptoms: A latent mediated and moderated structural equation modeling analysis across diagnostic groups. Psychiatry Research, 215, 176-184.

34.

Dickinson, W. L., & Ashby, J. S. (2005). Multidimensional perfectionism and ego defense. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 19, 41-54.

35.

Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71-75.

36.

Dunkley, D. M., lankstein, K. R., Masheb, R. M., & Grilo, C. M. (2006). Personal standards and evaluative concerns dimensions of “clinical” perfectionism: A reply to Shafran et al. (2002, 2003) and Hewitt et al. (2003). Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 63-84.

37.

Dunkley, D. M., Zuroff, D. C., Blankstein, K. R. (2003). Self-critical perfectionism and daily affect: Dispositional and situational influences on stress and coping. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 234-252.

38.

Fairburn, C. G., Cooper, Z., & Shafran, R. (2003). Cognitive behavior therapy for eating disorders: A “transdiagnostic”theory and treatment. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 509-528.

39.

Favaro, A., Ferrara, S., & Santonastaso, P. (2003). The spectrum of eating disorders in young women: A prevalence study in a general population sample. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 701-708.

40.

Fraley, R. C., Waller, N. G., & Brennan, K. G. (2000). An item response theory analysis of self-report measures of adult attachment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 350-365.

41.

Garner, D. M., & Garfinkel, P. E. (1979). The Eating Attitudes Test: An index of the symptoms of anorexia nervosa. Psychological Medicine, 9, 273-279.

42.

Gellman, A., Hill, J., & Yajima, M. (2012). Why we (usually) don’t have to worry about multiple comparisons. Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness, 5, 189-211.

43.

Grzegorek, J. L., Slaney, R. B., Franze, S., & Rice, K. R. (2004). Self-criticism, dependency, self-esteem, and grade-point average satisfaction among clusters of perfectionists and nonperfectionists. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51, 192-200.

44.

Hair, J. F., & Black, W. C. (2000). Cluster analysis. In L. G. Grim & P. R. Yarmold (Eds.), Reading and understanding more multivariate statistics (pp. 147-205). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

45.

Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. (1987) Conceptualizing adult love as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 511- 524.

46.

Hewitt, P. L., & Flett, G. L. (1991). Perfectionism in the self and social contexts:Conceptualization, assessment, and association with psychopathology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 356-470.

47.

Iannatuono, A. C., & Tylka, T. L. (2012). Interpersonal and intrapersonal links to body appreciation in college women: An exploratory model. Body Image, 9, 227-235.

48.

Koskina, N., & Giovazolias, T. (2010). The effect of attachment insecurity in the development of eating disorders across gender: The role of body dissatisfaction. Journal of Psychology, 144, 449-471.

49.

Kuipers, S. G., & Bekker, H. J. M. (2012). Attachment, mentalization, and eating disorders: A review of studies using the adult attachment interview. Current Psychiatry Review, 8, 326-336.

50.

Lopez, F. G., & Brennan, K. A. (2000). Dynamic processes underlying adult attachment organization: Toward an attachment theoretical perspective on the healthy and effective self. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47, 283-300.

51.

Martin, J. L., & Ashby, J. S. (2004). Perfectionism and fear of intimacy: Implications for relationships. The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 12, 368-374.

52.

McKinley, N. M., & Randa, L. A. (2005). Adult attachment and body satisfaction: An exploration of general and specific relationship differences. Body Image, 2, 209-218.

53.

Pearson, C. A., & Gleaves, D. H. (2006). The multiple dimensions of perfectionism and their relation with eating disorder features. Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 225-235.

54.

Probst, M., Van Coppenolle, H., & Vandereycken, W. (1995). Body experience in anorexia nervosa patients: An overview of therapeutic approaches. Eating Disorders: The Journal of Treatment and Prevention, 3, 186-198.

55.

Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D Scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385-401.

56.

Rice, K. G., & Ashby, J. S. (2007). An efficient method for classifying perfectionists. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54, 72-85.

57.

Rice, K. G., Ashby, J. S., & Gilman, R. (2011). Classifying adolescent perfectionists. Psychological Assessment, 23, 563-577.

58.

Rice, K. G., & Dellwo, J. P. (2002). Perfectionism and self-development: Implications for college adjustment. Journal of Counseling & Development, 80, 188-196.

59.

Rice, K. G., Lopez, F. G. (2004). Maladaptive perfectionism, adult attachment, and self-esteem in college students. Journal of College Counseling, 6, 118-128.

60.

Rice, K. G., Lopez, F. G., & Vergara, D. (2005). Parental/social influences on perfectionism and adult attachment orientations. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24, 580-605.

61.

Rice, K. G., & Mirzadeh, S. A. (2000). Perfectionism, attachment, and adjustment. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47, 238-250.

62.

Rice, K. G., & Slaney, R. B. (2002). Cross-cultural validity of the almost perfect scale-revised on the college students in the United States and Turkey. Educational Research and Reviews, 8, 1150-1157.

63.

Sassaroli, S., & Ruggiero, G. M. (2005). The role of stress in the association between low self-esteem, perfectionism, and worry, and eating disorders. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 37, 135-141.

64.

Slaney, R. B., Rice, K. G., Mobley, M., Trippi, J., & Ashby, J. S. (2001). The Revised Almost Perfect Scale. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 34, 130-145.

65.

Shafran, R., Cooper, Z., & Fairburn, C. G. (2002). Clinical perfectionism: A cognitive-behavioural analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40, 773-791.

66.

Snyder, C., & McCullough, M. A. (2000). A positive psychology field of dreams: “If you build it, they will come.” Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19, 151-160.

67.

Stober, J., & Otto, K. (2006). Positive conceptions of perfectionism: Approaches, evidence, challenges. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10, 295-319.

68.

Yang, K. S. (1997). Theories and research in Chinese personality: An indigenous approach. In H. S. Kao & D. Sinha (Eds.), Asian perspectives on psychology (pp. 236-262). New Delhi, India: Sage.

69.

Van den Berg, P., Wertheim, E. H., Thompson, J. K., & Paxton, S. J. (2002). Development of body image, eating disturbance and general psychological functioning in adolescent females:A replication using covariance structure modelling in and Australian sample. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 32, 46-51.

70.

Wang, K. T., Slaney, R. B., & Rice, K. G. (2007). Perfectionism in Chinese university students from Taiwan: A study of psychological well-being and achievement motivation. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 1279-1290.

71.

Wei, M., Heppner, P., & Mallinckrodt, B. (2003)Perceived coping as a mediator between attachment and psychological distress. A structural equation modeling approach. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50, 438-447.

72.

Wei, M., Mallinckodt, B., Russell, D. W., Abraham, T. (2004). Maladaptive perfectionism as a mediator and moderator between attachment and depressive mood. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51, 201-212.

73.

Wei, M., Heppner, P. P., Russell, D. W., & Young, S. K. (2006). Maladaptive perfectionism and ineffective coping as mediators between attachment and subsequent depression: A prospective analyses. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, 67-79.

74.

Zachrisson, H. D., & Skarderud, F. (2010). Feelings of insecurity: Review of attachment and eating disorder. European Eating Disorder Review, 18, 97-106.

The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology