본 연구에서는 성차별경험이 우울에 미치는 영향에서 침습적 반추와 의도적 반추의 매개 효과를 확인하였다. 이를 위해, 취업 여성 221명을 대상으로 온라인 설문을 실시하여 성차별경험, 침습적 반추, 의도적 반추, 우울을 측정하였고, 성차별경험이 침습적 반추로 가는 경로, 성차별경험이 의도적 반추로 가는 경로 그리고 침습적 반추가 의도적 반추로 가는 경로가 포함된 가설적 연구 모형을 설정하였다. 또한 성차별경험이 의도적 반추로 가는 경로를 제외한 경쟁모형 1, 침습적 반추가 의도적 반추로 가는 경로를 제외한 경쟁 모형 2, 침습적 반추와 의도적 반추를 합쳐 반추의 매개효과만 포함시킨 경쟁 모형 3을 설정하였다. 연구 결과, 경쟁 모형 1이 최종모형을 채택되었는데, 구체적으로, 성차별경험은 침습적 반추를 매개로 우울에 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 침습적 반추와 의도적 반추를 순차적으로 매개하여 우울에 영향을 주는 것으로 확인되었다. 이와 같은 결과는 성차별경험은 높은 침습적 반추를 통해 높은 우울 수준과 관련이 있지만 침습적 반추가 의도적 반추로 이어지면 결과적으로 낮은 우울 수준이 나타날 수 있음을 의미한다. 본 연구의 주요 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 의의와 상담에 대한 시사점을 논의하였다.
The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of intrusive and deliberate rumination on the relationship between perceived gender discrimination and depression. For this purpose, two models were established: a hypothesized model and a comparison model. A total of 221 employed women participated in paper-and-pencil and online surveys and responded to the scales that measured the experience of gender discrimination, intrusive and deliberate rumination, and depression. We developed a hypothesized model that included a path from perceived gender discrimination to intrusive rumination, a path from perceived gender discrimination to deliberate rumination, a path from intrusive rumination to deliberate rumination. In addition, three alternative models were developed (Model 1 not including a path from perceived gender discrimination to deliberate rumination, Model 2 not including a path from intrusive rumination to deliberate rumination, and Model 3 examining a total score of rumination as a mediator). The results showed that the mediating effect of intrusive rumination on the relationship between perceived gender discrimination and depression was signifiant. Further, the path that perceived gender discrimination led to depression by dual mediating effects of intrusive rumination and deliberate rumination was significant. Such findings implied that perceived discrimination was associated with depression thought intrusive rumination, but, if intrusive rumination turned to deliberate rumination, it could decrease a level of depression. The implications for counseling and future research and limitations of this study were discussed.
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