유괴 범죄는 피해자와 그 가족 뿐만 아니라 지역 사회, 더 나아가서는 국가 전체에 심각한 충격을 안겨주는 범죄임에도 불구하고, 유괴 범죄의 특성 및 가해자에 관한 연구는 매우 드문 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 여성이 저지른 유괴 범죄의 특성에 대해 살펴보고, 남성이 저지른 유괴 범죄와 피해자 특성 및 범행 특성에 있어 어떠한 차이점이 존재하는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 국내에서 1997년에서 2009년 사이 발생한 190건의 유괴 범죄를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 여성이 저지른 유괴 범죄의 경우 상당수가 이혼한 상태에서 미취학아동인 피해자를 대상으로 저지른 경우가 더 많았으며, 피해자의 성별이 남아인 경우가 더 많았다. 반면, 유괴 범죄를 저지른 남성의 경우 미혼에 전과가 있는 비율이 상대적으로 더 높았으며, 대부분 여아를 대상으로 범행을 저질렀다. 범행 목적에 있어 여성이 저지른 유괴 범죄는 상당수가 피해 아동의 친모가 저지른 것으로, 양육을 목적으로 한 경우가 많았다. 한편 유괴를 저지른 남성들은 대부분 모르는 사람인 피해자를 대상으로 우발적으로 저지른 반면, 여성들은 계획적으로 저지른 경우가 더 많았다. 끝으로, 본 연구의 함의와 한계점, 후속 연구에 대해 논의하였다.
Even though child abduction invokes extreme fear of the victim and their family as well as the fear of their community and nation, there is only a paucity of research on child abduction and perpetrators. The study aims to investigate the characteristics of child abduction committed by females, and compare them with those committed by male perpetrators. We compared 55 child abduction cases committed by female perpetrators with 135 child abduction cases committed by male perpetrators between 1997 and 2009. Compared to male perpetrators who committed child abduction, a significantly greater number of female perpetrators who committed child abduction were divorced at the time of offense, abducted preschoolers, and abducted male children. By contrast, male perpetrators who committed child abduction were more likely to be single, to have criminal record, and to abduct female children than female perpetrators. A majority of female perpetrators abducted their own child, mainly for the purpose of bringing up. By contrast, a significantly greater number of male perpetrators targeted victims who were unknown to them, and child abduction committed by male perpetrators was more likely to be unplanned. Finally, the limitations of the study were discussed and suggestions for subsequent studies were made.
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