Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of resilience and work engagement on performance of managers in the automotive sector in Morocco. It analyses the mediating effect of work engagement between resilience and manager performance. Though earlier studies have focused on the effect of resilience on employee performance and work engagement. none has looked at the mediating role of work engagement in this context. Thus, the present paper attempts to fill this literature gap. Research design, data and methodology: A confirmatory survey was conducted among a sample of 196 employees of automobile companies in Tangier-Morocco. A structural equation analysis using SmartPLS was performed while Preacher and Hayes (2008) method was used to analyze the mediation effect. Results: a) Manager resilience has a positive influence on work engagement, which further influences their performance; b) there is a statistically insignificant relationship between resilience and manager performance; c) Structural equation modelling analysis shows that work engagement partially mediates the relationship between resilience and manager performance. Conclusion: Theoretical contributions, practical implications, and future research directions are discussed.
Alessandri, G., Consiglio, C., Luthans, F., & Borgogni, L. (2018). Testing a dynamic model of the impact of psychological capital on work engagement and job performance. Career Development International, 23(1), 33–47. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-11-2016-0210
Alfes, K., Truss, C., Soane, E. C., Rees, C., & Gatenby, M. (2013). The relationship between line manager behavior, perceived HRM practices, and individual performance: Examining the mediating role of engagement. Human Resource Management, 52(6), 839–859.
Ali, Z., Sabir, S., & Mehreen, A. (2019). Predicting engagement and performance through firm's internal factors: Evidence from textile sector. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 21, 32-37.
Amine, B. (2012). L’impact de la culture nationale sur la nature de l’intégration des Supply chains (Ph.D Thesis).
Anderson, J. E., Harris, D. B., Werner, E., & Gallistel, E. (1959). A survey of children’s adjustment over time.
Anitha, J. (2014). Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 63(3), 308–323. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-01-2013-0008
Avey, J. B., Reichard, R. J., Luthans, F., & Mhatre, K. H. (2011). Meta‐analysis of the impact of positive psychological capital on employee attitudes, behaviors, and performance. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 22(2), 127–152.
Bakker, A. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2010). Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research. Psychology press.
Balambo, M. A., Baz, J. E. L., & Lazaar, S. (2015). The analysis of structural equation models by PLS method in research on inter-organizational relationships : the case of research in Logistics. The International Journal of Business Quantitative Economics and Applied Management Research, 1(10), 17–27.
Bande, B., Fernández-Ferrín, P., Varela, J. A., & Jaramillo, F.(2015). Emotions and salesperson propensity to leave: The effects of emotional intelligence and resilience. Industrial Marketing Management, 44, 142–153.
Bhatti, M. A., Hussain, M. S., & Al Doghan, M. A. (2018). The role of personal and job resources in boosting nurses' work engagement and performance. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 37(2), 32–40. https://doi.org/10.1002/joe.21840
Bishop, J. (1987). The recognition and reward of employee performance. Journal of Labor Economics, 5(4, Part 2), S36–S56.
Block, J., & Kremen, A. M. (1996). IQ and ego-resiliency:conceptual and empirical connections and separateness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(2), 349.
Britt, T. W., Shen, W., Sinclair, R. R., Grossman, M. R., & Klieger, D. M. (2016). How much do we really know about employee resilience? Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 9(2), 378–404.
Byrne, Z. S. (2014). Understanding employee engagement: Theory, research, and practice. London, United Kingdom: Routledge.
Choi, Y., & Lee, D. (2014). Psychological capital, big five traits, and employee outcomes. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 29(2), 122–140.
Christian, M. S., Garza, A. S., & Slaughter, J. E. (2011). Work engagement: A quantitative review and test of its relations with task and contextual performance. Personnel Psychology, 64(1), 89–136.
Cooke, F. L., Cooper, B., Bartram, T., Wang, J., & Mei, H. (2019). Mapping the relationships between high-performance work systems, employee resilience and engagement: A study of the banking industry in China. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 30(8), 1239–1260.
Cooper, B., Wang, J., Bartram, T., & Lee, F. (2018). Well-beingoriented human resource management practices and employee performance in the Chinese banking sector : The role of social climate and resilience. Human Resource Management, 58(85–97), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21934
Cusin, J. (2008). Survie en milieu hostile: l‘étude qualitative de sujets sensibles en management. Communication à Association Internationale de Management Stratégique (AIMS).
Dai, Y. De, Zhuang, W. L., & Huan, T. C. (2019). Engage or quit? The moderating role of abusive supervision between resilience, intention to leave and work engagement. Tourism Management, 70(July 2018), 69–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2018.07.014
Fisher, R., Maritz, A., & Lobo, A. (2016). Does individual resilience influence entrepreneurial success. Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal, 22(2), 39–53.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39–50.
Gupta, N., & Sharma, V. (2018). Relationship between leader member exchange (LMX), high-involvement HRP and employee resilience on extra-role performance: Mediating role of employee engagement. Journal of Indian Business Research, 10(2), 126–150. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIBR-09-2017-0147
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Marko, S. (2017). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) (Second Ed.). New York, NY: SAGE Publications.
Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., Gudergan, S. P., Fischer, A., Nitzl, C., & Menictas, C. (2018). Partial least squares structural equation modeling-based discrete choice modeling: an illustration in modeling retailer choice. Business Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40685-018-0072-4
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. In New challenges to international marketing (pp. 277–319). Bingley, United Kingdom: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Ismail, H. N., Iqbal, A., & Nasr, L. (2019). Employee engagement and job performance in Lebanon: the mediating role of creativity. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 68(3), 506–523.
Jakubik, M, & Vakkuri, M. (2015). The E-experience. Exploring Employee Engagement. E-Publication Haaga-Helia. Retrieved from http://www. Haaga-Helia. Fi/Sites/Default/Files/KuvatJaliitteet/Palvelut/Julkaisut/Hh_e-Experience_higres.
Jakubik, Maria. (2016). TALENT ENGAGEMENT FRAMEWORK AS A JOURNEY TO PERFORMANCE. Review of Innovation and Competitiveness, 2(3), 101–122. https://doi.org/10.32728/ric.2016.23/6
Kappagoda, U., Othman, H., Fithri, Z., & De Alwis, W. P. (2014). The impact of psychological capital on job performance in the banking sector in Sri Lanka. International Journal of Arts and Commerce, 3(5).
Kašpárková, L., Vaculík, M., Procházka, J., & Schaufeli, W. B.(2018). Why resilient workers perform better : The roles of job satisfaction and work engagement. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 33(1), 43–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/15555240.2018.1441719
Kotzé, M., & Nel, P. (2013). Psychometric properties of the adult resilience indicator. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 39(2), 1–11.
Luthans, F. (2002). The need for and meaning of positive organizational behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior:The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 23(6), 695–706.
Luthans, K. W., Lebsack, S. A., & Lebsack, R. R. (2008). Positivity in healthcare: relation of optimism to performance. Journal of Health Organization and Management, 22(2), 178–188.
Malik, P., & Garg, P. (2017). Learning organization and work engagement: the mediating role of employee resilience. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 31(8), 1071–1094. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2017.1396549
Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. American Psychologist, 56(3), 227.
Medhurst, A., & Albrecht, S. (2011). Salesperson engagement and performance: A theoretical model. Journal of Management &Organization, 17(3), 398–411.
Meintjes, A., & Hofmeyr, K. (2018). The impact of resilience and perceived organisational support on employee engagement in a competitive sales environment. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 16, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v16i0.953
Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1997). Commitment in the workplace:Theory, research, and application. New York, NY: Sage.
Motyka, B. (2018). Employee engagement and performance : a systematic literature review. International Journal of Management and Economics, 54(3), 227–244.
Nguyen, T. D., & Nguyen, T. T. M. (2012). Psychological capital, quality of work life, and quality of life of marketers: Evidence from Vietnam. Journal of Macromarketing, 32(1), 87–95.
Niitsu, K., Houfek, J. F., Barron, C. R., Stoltenberg, S. F., Kupzyk, K. A., & Rice, M. J. (2017). A concept analysis of resilience integrating genetics. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 38(11), 896–906.
Othman, N., & Nasurdin, A. M. (2011). Work Engagement of Malaysian Nurses : Exploring the Impact of Hope and Resilience. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 5(12), 1990–1994.
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., & Podsakoff, N. P.(2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879.
Rich, B. L., Lepine, J. A., & Crawford, E. R. (2010). Job engagement: Antecedents and effects on job performance. Academy of Management Journal, 53(3), 617–635.
Robertson, I. T., Cooper, C. L., & Sarkar, M. C. (2015). Resilience Training in the Workplace from 2003-2014: A Systematic Review. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 88(3), 533–562.
SAOUSSANY, A. M. A. (2018). Mesure . Individual Job Performance : Its Determinants and Its La Performance Individuelle Au Travail : Ses Determinants Et Sa Mesure . Individual Job Performance : Its Determinants and Its Measurement. Revue Du Contrôle de La Comptabilité et de l’Audit, 6(September), 356–369.
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A.B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71–92.
Schaufeli, W. B., Shimazu, A., Hakanen, J., Salanova, M., & Witte,H. De. (2017). An Ultra-Short Measure for Work Engagement The UWES-3 Validation Across Five Countries. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000430
Seery, M. D. (2011). Resilience: A silver lining to experiencing adverse life events? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20(6), 390–394.
Sonnentag, S., Volmer, J., & Spychala, A. (2008). Job performance. The Sage Handbook of Organizational Behavior, 1, 427–447.
Usunier, J.-C. (1992). Commerce entre cultures: une approche culturelle du marketing international. (Paris, Ed.). Paris, France: Presses universitaires de France.
Varshney, D., & Varshney, N. K. (2017). The effect of resilience on performance and job satisfaction among construction managers in Saudi Arabia. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 36(5), 36–45. https://doi.org/10.1002/joe.21799
Wall, T., & Bellamy, L. (2019). Redressing small firm resilience:exploring owner-manager resources for resilience. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 27(2), 269–288. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-02-2018-1364
Walpita, Y. N., & Arambepola, C. (2020). High resilience leads to better work performance in nurses: Evidence from South Asia. Journal of Nursing Management, 28(2), 342–350. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12930
Wang, Z., Li, C., & Li, X. (2017). Resilience, Leadership and Work Engagement: The Mediating Role of Positive Affect. Social Indicators Research, 132(2), 699–708. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-016-1306-5
Warr, P., & Inceoglu, I. (2012). Job engagement, job satisfaction, and contrasting associations with person–job fit. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 17(2), 129.
Wetzels, M., Odekerken-Schröder, G., & van Oppen, C. (2009). Using PLS Path Modeling for Assessing Hierarchical Construct Models: Guidelines and Empirical Illustration. MIS Quarterly, 33(1), 177. https://doi.org/10.2307/20650284
Wold, H. (1982). Soft modeling: the basic design and some extensions. Systems under Indirect Observation, 2, 343.
Yang, H.-C., Sun, I.-S., & Park, S.-H. (2015). Perceived Employment Instability Effect on Psychological Well-being and Job Satisfaction: Resilience and Character Strength as Mediator. The East Asian Journal of Business Management, 5(4),29–35. https://doi.org/10.13106/eajbm.2015.vol5.no4.29.