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open access
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ISSN : 1229-0718
The aim of this study was to examine the mothers' touch patterns in several caring situations depending on their internal states. Participants were 299 mothers of 6 months olds. The mothers were asked about type of touch and situations when they touched their babies. The touch situations were categorized into 2 groups(physiological situations vs socialㆍemotional situations). The difference in touch and touch situations according to mothers' depression, anxiety, parenting stress, the feeling of touch, and self-concept were analysed using Chi-Square Test separately. The results revealed that all mothers used soft and affectionate touch in the physiological caring situations regardless of their internal states. On the other hand, the results revealed that in socialㆍemotional caring situation, mothers' touch patterns were different according to their internal states: mothers with more stable internal states were more likely to use the types of touch causing positive emotions than mothers with unstable internal states. The results of our study indicated that mothers use different touch patterns in the two caring situations depending on their internal states.
The purpose of this study were (a) to classify the attachment type and emotion regulation type, and (ⅱ) to examine whether attachment was linked with emotion regulation. The subjects of the study were 36 infants of middle class housewives residing in Seoul and Kyungki Area(Shinchon, Eunpyoung, Yeo-ui-do, Ilsan) whose age was 12-18 months. In order to assess the pattern of infant-mother attachment and emotion regulation, each infant-mother dyad was observed in the Strange Situation. The results of the study were as follows. First, as a result of attachment type classification, type B holds 63.9% of the sample, type A holds 13.9%, and type C & D hold 11.1% separately. Second, In the type of infant's emotion regulation, 9 infants(28.1%) were classified as 'open emotion expression', 14 infants(43.8%) were as 'minimized emotion expression', 9 infants(28.1%) were as 'heightened emotion expression'. And finally, there was statistically significant relation between infant-mother attachment and emotion regulation.
The purposes of this study were to develop an instrument for burnout about child counselor and to evaluate the validity of the instrument. We interviewed 30 child counselors and referred to the antecedent studies to develop the instrument which was composed of 70 questions. The survey consisting of 70 questions was performed for 191 child counselors. Thirty-two questions were excluded by the result of contents validation and factor analysis. Remaining 38 questions were categorized into 5 sub-variables. They were named as emotional exhaustions, doubt about job, Negative attitude to counseling, negative personal relationship, and Symptoms of somatization, respectively. The significance level(Cronbach's α & spilt-half reliability) of sub-variables and total score was high. The correlation between total score and sub-values was significant. This study showed that the instrument developed was valid and provided a basis for further studies in burnout about child counselor.
The purposes of this study were to develop an instrument for burnout about child counselor and to evaluate the validity of the instrument. We interviewed 30 child counselors and referred to the antecedent studies to develop the instrument which was composed of 70 questions. The survey consisting of 70 questions was performed for 191 child counselors. Thirty-two questions were excluded by the result of contents validation and factor analysis. Remaining 38 questions were categorized into 5 sub-variables. They were named as emotional exhaustions, doubt about job, Negative attitude to counseling, negative personal relationship, and Symptoms of somatization, respectively. The significance level(Cronbach's α & spilt-half reliability) of sub-variables and total score was high. The correlation between total score and sub-values was significant. This study showed that the instrument developed was valid and provided a basis for further studies in burnout about child counselor.
This study investigated the effect of mother behavior characteristics and attachment security on infant behavior characteristics. The subjects were 33 infants(aged 30-42 months)and their mothers. Attachment was assessed by using the Attachment Q-set (Waters, 1987). Mother behavior characteristics and infant behavior characteristics were measured through mother-infant interactions using four problem solving tasks that required the mothers and their infants to work together. Mother-infant interactions during problem solving situation were observed with the use of the Teaching Strategies Rating Scale (Erickson, Sroufe, Egeland, 1985). The results of this study showed a significantly positive correlation between mother behavior characteristics and infant behavior characteristics. With Canonical Correlation Analysis, as the mother showed stronger confidence and positively emotional support, infants tended to report higher persistence, more positive experience and affection. Only when attachment security combine with mother behavior characteristics, it has weighty influence on infant behavior characteristics. In other words, the mediating effect of mother behavior characteristics in relationship between attachment security and infant behavior characteristics was found in mother-infant interactions. In Step-Wise Analysis, the mother's confidence to her infant has significant influence on infant's higher persistence, compliance and lower avoidance. Moreover, the mother' emotional support has an effect on infant's higher enthusiasm, affection and lower reliance. Lastly, mother's respecting autonomy to her infant has influence on infant's positive experience about Problem Solving situation.
This study examined the effects of extreme exposure to mass media caused by dyfunctional parenting style on young children's development. One hundred twenty normal young children under 50 months and 117 clinical young children were compared to their characteristics of watching mass media including first age, environmental factors when they were exposed to mass media. The results showed that clinical young children were exposed to mass media more than normal sample and watched more than 2 hours everyday from 6 months without mother's monitoring. Fourteen young children selected from clinical children who were exposed to mass media more than 4 hours everyday without monitoring and moderated after prohibiting their watching mass media. They showed more autistic features than normal children, experienced insecure attachment with their mothers and exhibited problems in poor social and language development, as well as poor emotional regulation. Their mothers experienced severe depression, high level of anxiety, immature parenting skill, marital conflict and conflict with husband's family. Also they were suffered from children's difficult temperament, social isolation, and physical illness.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of bilingualism on children's cognitive ability by comparing Korean-Chinese bilingual with Chinese monolingual children in Yanji, China. The subjects were 111 children of 4 and 5 years of age, 58 of whom were bilingual and 53 were monolingual in Yanji. Bilingual children spoke Korean at home but Chinese in the community and at preschool. These children's Chinese fluency that assessed chinese reading and speaking level by parents questionnaires revealed that they were fully bilingual. The instruments used to measure children's cognitive ability were Visually-Cued Recall Task, cardinality task. Cardinality task was consisted of a knowledge analysis task and a control of processing task(Bialystok & Codd, 1997). A 3(age) by 2(mono-bilingual) ANCOVA was performed for cardinality task and memory task scare as the covariate because monolingual children performed memory task better than bilingual children. The results show that the older children performed on the knowledge analysis task and the controllcontrol of processing task better than the younger ones, but there was no significant difference between two language groups.
The purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Korean version of Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale (K-MSLSS). The K-MSLSS and K-CDI were administered to 254 children in grades 3 through 6. Sub-samples completed a retest and the Self- Perception Scale. Result of the exploratory factor analysis supported a five-factor structure: friends, school, family, environment, and self. Retest stability was acceptable for the five factors. Virtually all relationships between the K-MSLSS and K-CDI supported the validity of the K-MSLSS. However, several hypothesized relationships between the K-MSLSS and the Self-Perception Scale were not supported. These results offer further evidence for the concurrent validity of the K-MSLSS.
The purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Korean version of Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale (K-MSLSS). The K-MSLSS and K-CDI were administered to 254 children in grades 3 through 6. Sub-samples completed a retest and the Self- Perception Scale. Result of the exploratory factor analysis supported a five-factor structure: friends, school, family, environment, and self. Retest stability was acceptable for the five factors. Virtually all relationships between the K-MSLSS and K-CDI supported the validity of the K-MSLSS. However, several hypothesized relationships between the K-MSLSS and the Self-Perception Scale were not supported. These results offer further evidence for the concurrent validity of the K-MSLSS.