Social independence related to economic and sexual aspects may have a strong relationship with attitudes toward marriage and sex, child birth and housekeeping, divorce and independent decision-making of occupation. Thus the purpose of this study was two-fold; an examination of gender differences in those variables mentioned above and an investigation of relations of social independence with other variables. A Data were collected from 334 undergraduates (Men: 158, Women: 186) with survey method. Results indicated that men were more positive to premarital sex and yet women weighted more on occupation than marriage-related activities. Further, only for men, social independence was positively correlated with premarital sex, not with other variables and vice versa for women. These findings were discussed in terms of sociocultural aspects of Korean society.
The present experiment examined the effect of the closeness of a relationship and the gender of the evaluator on the evaluation of the traditional and the nontraditional female target. More specifically, we hypothesized that people would show more positive attitudes toward a traditional female than a nontraditional female, and this tendency would be stronger among males than females. We also hypothesized that the negative evaluation for the nontraditional female target would be attenuated by the closeness of a relationship. In Study (N=196), college students were presented with a script that described either a traditional or nontraditional female target with whom the participants imagined to be closely related or not, and then were asked to evaluate the target in terms of attitudes(measured by feeling thermometer scales), likability, warmth and ability. The results demonstrated that people liked the nontraditional female target more when they supposedly had a close relationship with her than when there was no such a close relationship. The results also demonstrated that the male evaluators compared to female evaluators showed more positive attitudes toward the traditional female target than the nontraditional female target. These results partially supported the hypotheses. These results and the implications of the study were discussed.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of a mother's satisfaction and rearing behavior on the character development of children in comparison with that of the temperament of children. The JTCI/3-6 was used to assess the temperament and character of children related to the satisfaction and rearing behavior of their mothers. There was a significant correlation between children's temperament and their mother's satisfaction on all variables. Mothers were more unsatisfied as their children's temperament tendency of Novelty Seeking and Harm Avoidance increase and more satisfied related to Reward Dependence and Persistence. There was also a positive correlation between a mother's satisfaction and rearing behavior: The more mothers showed more child-centered behavior as the higher the mother's satisfaction. On the dimension of character development, a mother's satisfaction with children's temperament Harm Avoidance was found as the best predictor of Self-directedness. But the best predictor of Cooperativeness in this study was the children's temperament Novelty seeking. The results of this study suggest that a mother's satisfaction with children's temperament is more important than her rearing behavior itself for the character development of her children. The Need of a mother's education about the importance her satisfaction and understanding of children temperament was discussed.
This study was conducted to explore implicit self categorization on the part of Korean male and female college students. The study was based on measuring 3 sorts of IATs(Implicit Association Test) in which students are asked to sort human pictures of 3 idiographic categories(race, gender and age) and categorical words which are related to ‘self’ and ‘other’. The results were summed up as follows: The gender category was more important for female students' self categorization than for male students'. The race and age categories were sensitive categories for both male and female students. Many possible reasons of the results were discussed.