Vol.28 No.1
Abstract
Celebrating the 10th anniversary of its foundation, the Feminist Counseling Research Society under the Korean Society of Woman Psychology organized a special talk, “KimMin Yea-sook, Have a dialogue with Laura Brown about feminist counseling”, to examine the history and the vision of feminist counseling in the U.S. that has developed ahead of Korea. By conveying the contents of this special talk that impressed the participants as it is, this paper aims to present women’s voices and the position of feminist counseling within counseling psychology in a real voice. KimMin Yea-sook is one of the second generation of Korean feminist counselors and a pioneer who has led Korean feminist counseling through the feminist counseling lab and the feminist counseling research society, and is the author of『A Structured Model of Feminist Counseling(2013)』. Dr. Laura Brown is an American feminist counselor and trauma survivor counselor who has served as chairman of the Society for the Psychology of Women in the U.S. and is widely known in Korea as the author of『Subversive Dialogue(1994)』 and『Feminist Therapy(2018)』. In the talk, we can see how Laura Brown and KimMin Yea-sook have become feminist counselors in the early and mid 1970s, the development of feminist counseling in the United States, and the difference between the position of feminist counseling in Korea and that of in the United States. In addition, we can sense the firm belief and value of a counselor who has devoted herself to feminist counseling and trauma therapy for more than 50 years. It is clear that this will be a great echo not only to feminist counselors, but also to counselors who has other theoretical background and woman psychology researchers.
Abstract
This study examines whether internalized shame mediates the relationship between insecure adult attachment and marriage satisfaction in married women, and to verify whether spouse support modulates this mediating effect. For this purpose, we measured unstable adult attachment, internalized shame, spousal support, and marriage satisfaction using an online questionnaire for 241 people nationwide, and analyzed mediating effects, mediating effects, and moderated mediating effects. The results of this study are as follows. First, as a result of analyzing the correlations between unstable adult attachment, marriage satisfaction, internalized shame, and spousal support, all showed significant correlations. Second, as a result of examining the mediating effect of internalized shame, the significant mediating effect of internalized shame was found in the relationship between unstable adult attachment and marriage satisfaction. Third, as a result of examining whether the relationship between internalized shame and marriage satisfaction was controlled by spousal support, the moderating effect of spousal support on the relationship between internalized shame and marriage satisfaction was found to be significant. Fourth, as a result of testing the mediating effect of spouse support, it was found that the indirect effect of unstable adult attachment on marriage satisfaction through internalized shame was regulated by spouse support. Based on these results, the significance and limitations of this study and suggestions for follow-up studies were discussed.
Abstract
Self-objectification occurs when women view themselves as objects for use. Two studies investigated whether individual differences in cultural disposition (valuing equality vs. authority) relate to the extent of self-objectification and implicit dehumanization of other sexualized women. Study 1 employed a survey methodology to examine the relationships between cultural disposition, the trait of gender specific system-justification, and the trait of self-objectification. Results showed that participants with greater vertical collectivism (accepting inequality) exhibited stronger system-justification and self-objectification. In contrast, the higher tendency of horizontal collectivism (valuing equality) was negatively associated with system justification and self-objectification. Study 2 tested whether the increasing tendency towards horizontal vs. vertical collectivism was related to implicit dehumanization of other sexualized males and females. To examine the dehumanizing perceptions of objectified men and women, an implicit association test (IAT) was introduced which compared objectified male and female targets in eliciting associations with humans and animals. According to the results, female participants with greater horizontal collectivism reported decreasing scores of implicit dehumanization toward other sexualized women. These findings suggest that individual differences in cultural disposition might be associated with the trait of self-objectification, the extent of rationalizing the gender status and implicit dehumanization toward other objectified females.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the moderating effect of social support on the relationship between perceived discrimination and depression among married immigrant women. The participants were 145 married immigrant women in A Province. The results are as follows. First, perceived discrimination had a significant effect on depression of married immigrant women. Second, social support moderated the relationship between perceived discrimination and depression. In the group with high perceived discrimination, married immigrant women with a high level of social support are less likely to experience depression. Specifically, social support from significant others are significantly moderated the effect of perceived discrimination on depression. However, those who perceive a low level of social support may experience a high level of depression. Limitations and the implications for future studies are discussed.
Abstract
This study investigated the moderated mediating effect of Sense of LGBT Community through Internalized Heterosexism on the relationship between sexual orientation microaggression and psychological distress. The present study conducted online-based survey to 290 Lesbian, gay and bisexual people and tested hypothesis by using SPSS Macro process. There was a significant mediating effect of internalized heterosexism on the relationship between sexual orientation microaggression and psychological distress. Additionally, there was a significant moderating effect of sense of LGBT community on the relationship between sexual orientation microaggression and internalized heterosexism. Finally, the moderated mediation effect of sense of LGBT community on the relationship between sexual orientation microaggression, internalized heterosexism, and psychological distress was found. This study elaborated the role of Internalized heterosexism on LGB people when they undergo sexual orientation microaggression and expand the minority stress model of Meyer(2003) in that not only explicit discrimination but also subtle discrimination like microaggression can affect minority stress including internalized heterosexism. The implications and limitations of the study are discussed.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to verify the effectiveness of an online positive intervention utilizing expressive writing for mothers of single-parent families. For this purpose, based on Pennebaker's writing therapy and Rashid's positive psychotherapy, a positive intervention for single-parent mothers was constructed by referring to previous studies. 19 divorced women raising children under the age of 12, were divided into an experimental group and a control group, and an 8-session program was conducted for 90 minutes once a week. Quantitative analysis was performed using non-parametric statistical methods to verify the program effect according to the pre–post–follow up test on parenting stress, depression, and well-being. As a result of this study, parenting stress and depression of single-parent mothers were significantly reduced, and it was found to be effective partially in enhancing well-being. Therefore, this study showed that it was possible to take a self-care approach to improve well-being of single-parent mothers who experience parenting stress and depression and to resolve their difficulties through an online positive intervention utilizing expressive writing. It is meaningful in that it conducted an online positive intervention utilizing expressive writing as an alternative to overcome difficulties in accessing group counseling due to the limitations of face-to-face counseling during the COVID-19 pandemic and demonstrated its effectiveness.
Abstract
The purposes of this study are to understand and clarify the work-family balance experience of female intermediate manager with school-age children by analyzing their experience of remote working during the COVID-19 period. In-depth interviews were conducted with seven Korean female intermediate managers having school-age children, and phenomenological studies were conducted to interpret the layered meanings they experienced. As a result, a total of 18 sub-subsidies and 6 subsidies were derived. First, participants felt confusion and anxiety about self-identity due to the unclear boundary between the public and private areas in the early COVID-19 era, but gradually sought ways to adapt to new situations. Second, with COVID-19 Nudge effect, they experienced the effectiveness of remote working system and its pros and cons. Third, as a female intermediate manager, they struggled between authority and caring. Fourth, they had an unexpected opportunity to realize the importance of pausing and caring in the COVID-19 era, but fifth, they also realized that female executive positions still belong to those who do not need to work hard on caring. Finally, it was revealed that the remote working system, which was inevitably experienced during the COVID-19, helped transform themselves into a ‘flexible self’ that embraces diversity. Through the results of the study, implications for contributing to their work-family balance and personal growth were discussed by understanding in detail the newly perceived experience of intermediate managers in the current situation toward the post-COVID-19 era.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to confirm the relationship between socially imposed perfectionism, self-conceptual clarity, and difficulty in emotional regulation, in infertile wome’s depression. as well as the dual mediating effect of self-conceptualization and difficulty in emotional regulation on the effects of socially imposed perfectionism on depression. is to do For this purpose, SPSS Statistics 21.0 and SPSS Macro Model 4 and Model 6 were used for the finally collected data of 83 copies of the questionnaire distributed to 150 infertile women, and Pearson's correlation analysis, linear regression analysis, individual mediating effect, and dual effects were used. Mediating effect analysis was conducted. The main results of this study are as follows. First, socially imposed perfectionism, self-concept clarity, and difficulty in emotional regulation of infertile women were found to have a significant correlation with depression. Second, self-concept clarity and difficulty in emotional regulation were found to have partial mediating effects on the effects of socially imposed perfectionism on depression in infertile women. Third, it was found that self-concept clarity and difficulty in emotional regulation had a dual mediating effect on the effect of socially imposed perfectionism on depression in infertile women. These findings are expected to provide implications for psychotherapeutic intervention to reduce psychological pain in infertile women.