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Vol.28 No.3
Abstract
It has been reported gender differences in life satisfaction and self-perception of adolescents. However, few studies have investigated the mechanism underlying the gender differences in life satisfaction. This study examined the mediation effect of self-perception on the relationship between gender and life satisfaction in early adolescence. The Satisfaction with Life Scale for Children(SWLS-C) and Harter's Self Perception Profile for Children scale(H-SPPC) were administered to 157 boys and 138 girls in the 5th and 6th grades of elementary school. It was found that girls showed a significantly lower scores in life satisfaction and 3 dimensions of self-perception(academic competence, physical appearance, and athletic competence) than boys. Academic competence and physical appearance perfectly mediated the relationship between gender and life satisfaction. These results suggest that girls in early adolescence may less satisfied in their lives due to negative perception of their academic ability and physical appearance, compared to boys.
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that high psychopathic traits are associated with trolling and cyber bullying, which may be intended to exert negative influence on others. However, there has yet been studies comprehensively examining the relationship between psychopathic traits, social network service (SNS) use motives, and SNS dependence. This study investigated the relationship between psychopathic traits and several SNS use motives, and examined mediating role of SNS use motives on relationship between psychopathic traits and dependence on SNS. In our study, 211 college students administered the SNS Addiction Tendency Scale and the SNS Use Motive Scale and the power and social potency motive questionnaire developed by the authors based on previous research. We found that the psychopathic traits significantly predicted dependence on SNS. The positive self-presentation and negative social potency motives perfectly mediated the relationship between the psychopathic traits and dependence on SNS. These results suggest that the online behaviors of psychopathy may be associated with SNS use motives for positively presenting self and showing negative influence on others, which might serve as a reward for individuals with psychopathic traits and lead to SNS addiction.
Abstract
The current study examined the different types of contextual constraints faced by working women with a minority identity and work-family responsibilities, and explored the differences in their characteristics and resulting psychosocial adjustment. An online survey was completed by 512 working women who cared for a at least one young chid and identified with a minority identity other than woman. A latent profile analysis on socioeconomic status, economic constraints, workplace sexism, negative effects of COVID-19, and marginalized experiences as contextual constraints resulted in five profile types: low-level constraint, economic-constraint focused, marginalization-constraint focused, moderate-level constraint, and high-level constraint groups. Those who identified as women in science and technology were more likely to be in the low-level and marginalization-constraint focused groups, women who identified as single parents in the high-level constraint group, and women who identified as foreigners/migrants in the moderate-level constraint group. In addition, women employed in temporary or self-employed positions than in full-time jobs were more represented in the high-level constraint group. In terms of psychosocial adjustment, the high-level constraint group reported the greatest adjustment difficulties. The findings supported the intersectionality of contextual constraints among working women with minority identities.
Abstract
Recent research reported that female robots are favored over male robots, mainly because female robots are judged as warmer and having emotions. This study examined whether positive attitudes toward female robots are changing depending a competence context such as identification of high level actions, agency of mind perception and forgiving mistakes. In Study 1, the participants (N=62) were randomly assigned to one of the two agent conditions (a male robot vs. a female robot) through gendering by the use of a male or a female name. The participants had to conduct an action identification task while rating how appropriate they found each action for the agent. In addition, they completed a mind perception scale. In Study 2, the participants (N=60) had to indicate the extent of how appropriate they rated each action in one of four agent conditions (male humans vs. female humans vs. male robots vs. female robots), mind perception and the extent of forgiving mistakes. According to the results, the extent of the appropriateness of high-level actions was rated much lower in the female robot condition than in the male robot condition. These findings implicate that negative attitudes toward women regarding competence can be transferred to female robots in the human-robot interaction.