The study is to show the change of sex role identity of cadets and their attitudes toward women over the four year sex-integrated education at the Korea Air Force Academy. Longitudinal method and cross-sectional method are adopted to carry out this study during the period of 1997 -2001. In longitudinal research, 13 female cadets and 88 male cadets from the class of 1997 are participated in 1997, 1999 and 2001 years. For the comparison of the result of longitudinal research, 17 female cadets and 183 male cadets from the class of 2001 joined in cross sectional research. The results are as follows. The cadets have more masculine identity than feminine identity and this trend is more visible in senior years than in junior years. Female cadets show more progress attitude in general women' role than male cadets. In attitudes of women as manager and military women, female cadets' attitude more progressive than male cadets in first grade, but this trend is decreased in the end of second grade and it recovered in fourth grade. The results are discussed in the present state of sex- integrated education and tasks of it.
The present study tried to identify 1) the factor structure of women's social identity 2) the factor structure of the collective competition strategy 3) the relationship between women's social identity and collective competition strategy. A sample of 451 women completed a questionnaire survey. Results showed the following main findings. First, three-factor model was the best-fitting model in explaining women's social identity; women category identification, group self-esteem, and negative identity. Second, in collective competition strategy, two-factor model was the best-fitting model; competition behavior and intergroup comparison. Third, in the relationship between women's social identity and collective competition strategy, along with the increase of women's social identity, participants' collective competition strategy increased. The results revealed in the present study were compared with the previous studies. Finally, the limitation and suggestions for future study were discussed.
The present study was to explore the psychological characteristics of Computer-Mediated Communications. In the technological world, so many people have used cellular phones, internet, and email for their communications all over the world. Internet has touched our lives in many ways in Korea. Korean adolescents and university students would like to build a relationship or make a friendship with anonymous person through on-line communications such as internet, email, and chatting. In some cases, on-line relationships have blossomed into romance and marriage. Thus, this study focused on as follows; 1) what kinds of motivation for internet are related to attitude for internet?, 2) what do internet users do on internet?, 3) does the internet self-efficacy influence on the internet?. In addition, we investigated the relationship among internet efficacy, loneliness, motivation for internet and internet activity based on gender difference. The results revealed that internet users valued motivation for information seeking and entertainment, and also relationship building, convenience pursuing, goal directing and leisure having activity. The more feel internet efficacy, the more form a positive attitude for internet. In addition, male students had a more positive attitude for internet than female students.
The concept of 'child' or 'childhood' is not a natural one, but a product of social construction. The psychological approach in which 'childhood' is regarded as natural and universal (especially in the theories of developmental psychology) roots ideological assumptions. In this regard, the sensible analysis of the concept 'maternal sensitivity' in the attachment theory shows hew the two concepts - motherhood and childhood - are interrelated, or rather, how the latter is produced by the former in the social and cultural context. In the first part of this research, a monthly magazine of preschool education was analysed in order to show how the images of mother-child interaction and the contents that is related with the way of bringing up children would construct the so-called nature of motherhood. In addition, the everyday consumption of the psychological concept such as 'maternal sensitivity' and its hidden ideological functions were discussed. In the second part of this study, the socio-cultural production of the attachment theory was discussed. That is, the attachment theory itself is not a universal theory, but a result of concrete social demands in Europe and North-America. The adoption of the attachment theory to other socio-cultural context without any careful consideration has some critical results, especially in relation to the development of social system such as 'day care'. For the reason, the psychological theories about childhood, motherhood, family, and the child education should be re-discussed in the concrete socio-cultural context, not in the universal context, because the universal context means merely a vacuum.
Based on the assumption that similar mechanisms in normal socialization are responsible for developing gender differences in psychopathology, we examined the correlations between parenting and the problematic behavior of children. Our focus was whether parents were more overreactive toward children displaying gender stereotype-inconsistent behavior and more lax towards those with gender stereotype-consistent behavior. Such parenting styles then encourage psychologically difficult infants and toddlers to be socialized to express their problems in gender-stereotyped ways. As a part of large study, 160 parents of preschool-aged children (72 girls and 88 boys) from six different day-care centers, completed three questionnaires: the Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach & Edelbrock, 1991) and the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (Robinson, Eyberg, & Ross, 1980) were used to assess children's externalizing and internalizing behavior, while the Parenting Scale (Arnold, Wolff, & Acker, 1993) assessed lax and overreactive parenting styles. There were significant correlations between parenting style and children's problematic behavior as a function of the child's gender. In addition, we found these relationships moderated according to the families' sociocultural background. We argue that parent's differential treatment of children in terms of gender, as well as family sociocultural status, might be risk factors for children of preschool age in developing behavioral or psychological problems which are consistent with gender stereotypes.
The purpose of this study was to examine factors that predict divorce intention. Comparison level, love, communication, satisfaction, commitment, investment, marital alternatives, social network, and barriers against divorce were used to predict divorce intention. Divorce intention was measured on three factors of intention, attempt, and plan. The data from a sample of 493 married individuals(male 246, female 247) were used. In predicting divorce intention of husband and wife, marital satisfaction was the most important variable. However, in predicting divorce attempt of husband and wife and divorce plan of wife, negative attitude towards divorce of friends or families was the most important variable. And in predicting divorce plan of husband, dependence on marriage was the most important variable. This result shows that marital dissatisfaction cause motivation to divorce or marital separation and attitudes towards divorce of friends or families cause divorce attempts.
This study intended to develop a DB of facial pictures of Korean women of twenties. For this purpose, a structure of facial pictures was explored based on the differential criteria making impressions on Korean young women. Participants rated 100 facial pictures on 7 point Likert scales consisted of personality inferences. These pictures were selected from larger samples, collected from country-wide districts. Based on multidimensional scaling, two dimensions were very effective to discriminate facial impressions of Korean young women; sharp/westernized vs. dull/oriental and masculine/tough vs. feminine/cute. These results partly replicated findings of previous studies which showed perception of babyishness and dominance might be strong criteria for facial impressions. Finally, a DB of facial pictures of Korean young women was constructed on multi-dimensions.
Thought about group-based privileges or disadvantages were expected to have different consequences for outcome evaluation and psychological well-being, depending on whether the individual is a member of a core- or peripheral-status group. To test this hypothesis, women- and men-students were randomly assigned to consider the ways that their gender group membership has resulted in either beneficial or detrimental outcomes in their lives. There was no outcome evaluation bias and differences in well-being measures. And more advantage cases in men and more disadvantage cases in women were reported. But no differences in psychological wellbeing including group self-esteem and individual self-esteem were evidenced. So, we can not interpret those result that among high-status group members, thinking about privilege can evoke guilt and taint one's group image, whereas thinking about disadvantage among low-status members can augment personal internal attributions for the outcomes. Justness in evaluation judgment situation was emerged by priming each gender's privileges or disadvantage, and resulted in little evaluation bias instead. Discussion focuses on the cultural differences in each gender's discriminative occasions between American culture and Korean culture and implications that the operations of several types of mechanisms have for the reasons of high -and low-status group members when their groups are portrayed as exerting either negative or positive effects on their lives.