- Log In/Sign Up
- P-ISSN1738-3110
- E-ISSN2093-7717
- SCOPUS, ESCI
ISSN : 1738-3110
Emotional Happiness and Psychological Distance: How Does Happiness and Psychological Distance Change during Vacation?
Choi, Soowa-A
Hwang, Yoon Yong
Abstract
Purpose - The purpose of this study was to examine the variations in emotions during vacation and to explore if such variations depend on psychological distance perceived by vacationers. We proposed that there are changes in affect balance during the course of vacation as well as the mental construal of psychological distance. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - Repeated measures ANOVA was used to examine the variation in emotion and psychological distance of 66 holiday makers who were traveling to different destination for vacation. Data were collected in 2 months with the help of a travel agency. Results - We find that there are variations in emotions during the vacation at different points in time as well as perceived psychological distance. Also we find some evidence that suggests emotional happiness does depend on perceived mental distance to some extent. Conclusion - Our study replicates the findings of previous studies in a novel way and illustrates the robustness of the nature of emotions during vacation and indicates certain time points where the happiness of vacationers can be enhanced. Perceived psychological distance do have an effect on how happy an individual feels during the vacation.
- keywords
- Happiness, Vacation, Psychological Distance, Emotions
Reference
Ankomah, P. K., & Crompton, J. L. (1992). Tourism cognitive distance: A set of research propositions. Annals of Tourism Research, 19(2), 323-342.
Bailly, A. S. (1986). Subjective distances & spatial representations. Geoforum, 17(1), 81-88.
Beedie, C., Terry, P., & Lane, A. (2005). Distinction between emotion and mood. Cognition and Emotion, 19(6), 847-878.
Ebert, J., & Meyvis, T. (2011). Psychological distance in hedonic prediction and consumption: The surprising impact of distant events. Advances in Consumer Research, 39, 571-572.
Ekman, P. (1999). Basic Emotions. In Tim Dalgleish & Mick J. Power (ed.), Handbook of Cognition and Emotion (pp. 45-60), UK: John Wiley.
Grosse, R., & Trevino, L. J. (1996). Foreign direct investment in the United States: An analysis by country of origin. Journal of International Business Studies, 27(1), 139-155.
Kikutani, M., Ikemoto, M., Russell, J., & Roberson, D. (2016). Cultural influences on the structure of emotion: An investigation of emotional situations described by individuals from Cambodia, Japan, UK and US. International Journal of Applied Psychology, 6(1), 20-26.
Kolanowski, A. M., Van Haitsma, K., Meeks, S., & Litaker, M. (2014). Affect balance and relationship with well-being in nursing home residents with dementia. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias, 29(5), 457-462.
Lin, Y., Kerstetter, D., Nawijn, J., & Mitas, O. (2014). Changes in emotions and their interactions with personality in a vacation context. Tourism Management, 40, 416-424.
Lyubomirsky, S. (2001).Why are some people happier than others? The role of cognitive and motivational processes in well-being. American Psychologist, 56(3), 239-249.
Mitas, O., Yarnal, C., Adams, R., & Ram, N. (2012). Taking a “Peak” at leisure travelers’ positive emotions. Leisure Sciences, 34(2), 115-135.
Nawijn, J., Mitas, O., Lin, Y., & Kerstetter, D. (2013). How do we feel on vacation? A closer look at how emotions change over the course of a trip. Journal of Travel Research, 52(2), 265-274.
Sousa, C. M., & Bradley, F. (2006). Cultural distance and psychic distance: Two peas in a pod?. Journal of International Marketing, 14(1), 49-70.
Trope, Y., & Liberman, N. (2010). Construal-Level Theory of psychological distance. Psychological Review, 117(2), 440-463.
Van Cappellen, P., Toth-Gauthier, M., Saroglou, V., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2016). Religion and well-being:The mediating role of positive emotions. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17(2), 485-505.
Van Katwyk, P. T., Fox, S., Spector, P. E., & Kelloway, E. K. (2000). Using the job-related affective well-being scale (JAWS) to investigate affective responses to work stressors. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(2), 219-230.
Veenhoven, R. (1984). Conditions of happiness. Netherlands:D. Reidel Publishing, pp 12-20.
Veenhoven, R. (2009). How do we assess how happy we are? Tenets, implications and tenability of three theories. In Amitava K. Dutt & Benjamin Radcliff, Happiness, Economics and Politics (pp. 45–69). USA:Edward Elger Publishers.
Veenhoven, R. (2013). The four qualities of life ordering concepts and measures of the good life. In Antonella Delle Fave, The Exploration of Happiness: Present and Future Perspective (pp. 195-226). Netherlands:Springer.
Williams, L. E., Huang, J. Y., & Bargh, J. A. (2009). The scaffolded mind: Higher mental processes are grounded in early experience of the physical world. European Journal of Social Psychology, 39(7), 1257-1267.
Wong, N. Y., & Bagozzi, R. P. (2005). Emotional intensity as a function of psychological distance and cultural orientation. Journal of Business Research, 58(4), 533-542.
Yang, H. C., Sun, I. S., & Park, S. H. (2015). Perceived Employment Instability Effect on Psychological Well-being and Job Satisfaction: Resilience and Character Strength as Mediator. The East Asian Journal of Business Management, 5(4), 29-35.
Zelenski, J. M., & Larsen, R. J. (2000). The distribution of basic emotions in everyday life: A state and trait perspective from experience sampling data. Journal of Research in Personality, 34(2), 178-197.
- Downloaded
- Viewed
- 0KCI Citations
- 0WOS Citations