Purpose - The ultimate purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of personal disposition on shopping value and behavioral intention by expanding the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Research design, data, and methodology - An attempt was made to examine the effects of personal disposition (reflecting duty-free shop characteristics) on three selective actions of consumers - compulsive buying, variety seeking, and price sensitivity. We conducted a questionnaire survey with the users of airport duty-free shops, downtown duty-free shops (offline), and online duty-free shops. In total, 410 copies of the questionnaire were analyzed using a structural equation model. Results - According to the results, compulsive buying, variety seeking, and price sensitivity significantly affected shopping value. Shopping value and subjective norms both had significant effects on attitude, the major variable in the TPB, and attitude had the greatest effect on behavioral intention, followed by subjective norms and perceived behavioral control in descending order. Conclusions - This study has academic implications in that it extends the existing theories of planned behavior and applies it to consumer characteristics and shopping value. It has practical implications as well in that it provides basic data that can be used to establish concrete marketing strategies for duty-free shop owners targeting segmented markets by closely examining customer desires.
Ahn, K. H., & Lee, H. N. (2011). The effect of perceived shopping value dimensions on attitude toward store, emotional response to store shopping, and store loyalty. Asia Marketing Journal, 12(4), 137-164.
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211.
Ajzen, I. (2002). Residual effects of past on later behavior: Habituation and reasoned action perspectives. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 6(2), 107-122.
Babin, B. J., Darden, W. R., & Griffin, M. (1994). Work and/or fun: Measuring hedonic and utilitarian shopping value. Journal of Consumer Research, 644-656.
Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1992). An examination of the etiology of the attitude-behavior relation for goal-directed behaviors. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 27(4), 601-634.
Batra, R., & Ahtola, O. T. (1991). Measuring the hedonic and utilitarian sources of consumer attitudes. Marketing Letters, 2(2), 159-170.
Bawa, K. (1990). Modeling inertia and variety seeking tendencies in brand choice behavior. Marketing Science, 9(3), 263-278.
Campbell, J. L. (2004). Institutional Change and Globalization. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Chan, S. C. (2004). Understanding internet banking adoption and use behavior: A Hong Kong perspective. Journal of Global Information Management (JGIM), 12(3), 21-43.
Chang, E. (2002). The mediating role of shopping value in apparel shopping satisfaction. Doctorate dissertation, Oregon State University, Oregon, United States.
Choi, Y. J., & Park, J. W. (2017). The decision-making processes of duty-free shop users using a goal directed behavior model: The moderating effect of gender. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 31, 152-162.
Chung, N., & Koo, C. (2015). The use of social media in travel information search. Telematics and Informatics, 32(2), 215-229.
Crawford, G., & Melewar, T. (2003). The importance of impulse purchasing behaviour in the international airport environment. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 3(1), 85-98.
Duesenberry, J. S. (1949). Income, Saving, and the Theory of Consumer Behavior. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
Faber, R. J., & O'Guinn, T. C. (1988). Compulsive consumption and credit abuse. Journal of Consumer Policy, 11(1), 97-109.
Faber, R. J., & O'guinn, T. C. (1992). A clinical screener for compulsive buying. Journal of Consumer Research, 19(3), 459-469.
Goldsmith, R. E., Kim, D., Flynn, L. R., & Kim, W. (2005). Price sensitivity and innovativeness for fashion among Korean consumers. The Journal of Social Psychology, 145(5), 501-508.
Goldsmith, R. E., & Newell, S. J. (1997). Innovativeness and price sensitivity: Managerial, theoretical and methodological issues. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 6(3), 163-174.
Gopi, M., & Ramayah, T. (2007). Applicability of theory of planned behavior in predicting intention to trade online: Some evidence from a developing country. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 2(4), 348-360.
Han, H., Hsu, L. J., & Sheu, C. (2010). Application of the theory of planned behavior to green hotel choice: Testing the effect of environmental friendly activities. Tourism Management, 31(3), 325-334.
Han, H., & Kim, Y. (2010). An investigation of green hotel customers’ decision formation: Developing an extended model of the theory of planned behavior. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(4), 659-668.
Han, H., Lee, S., & Lee, C. K. (2011). Extending the theory of planned behavior: Visa exemptions and the traveler decision-making process. Tourism Geographies, 13(1), 45-74.
Han, S., Gupta, S., & Lehmann, D. R. (2001). Consumer price sensitivity and price thresholds14. Journal of Retailing, 77(4), 435-456.
Hausenblas, H. A., Carron, A. V., & Mack, D. E. (1997). Application of the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior to exercise behavior: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 19(1), 36-51.
Hirschman, E. C. (1992). The consciousness of addiction: Toward a general theory of compulsive consumption. Journal of Consumer Research, 19(2), 155-179.
Hirschman, E. C., & Holbrook, M. B. (1982). Hedonic consumption: Emerging concepts, methods and propositions. The Journal of Marketing, 46(3), 92-101.
Hoyer, W. D., & Ridgway, N. M. (1984). Variety seeking as an explanation for exploratory purchase behavior: A theoretical model. Advances in Consumer Research, 11, 114-119.
Irani, N., & Hanzaee, K. H. (2011). The effects of variety-seeking buying tendency and price sensitivity on utilitarian and hedonic value in apparel shopping satisfaction. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 3(3), 89.
Jang, H. C., & La, S. (2011). Tourist Behavior. Korea National Open University Press. 1-512.
Jin, B., & Kim, J. O. (2003). A typology of Korean discount shoppers: Shopping motives, store attributes, and outcomes. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 14(4), 396-419.
Kahn, B. E. (1995). Consumer variety-seeking among goods and services: An integrative review. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 2(3), 139-148.
Kim, H. S., & Cho, H. I. (2008). The Relationship Gambling Behaviors of Golf Game Player: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior. Korean Society of Sport Psychology, 129-141.
Kim, Y., & Han, H. (2010). Intention to pay conventional-hotel prices at a green hotel - A modification of the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(8), 997-1014.
Ko, H. S., & Oh, J. K. (2001). A Study on the Choice Attributes for Duty Free Shops among Foreign Tourists in Korea. Korean Journal of Tourism Research, 16, 113-130.
Kraepelin, E. (1909). Psychiatrie; Ein Lehrbuch Für Studierende Und Aerzte: Allgemeine Psychiatrie. Leipzig: Barth.
Lam, T., & Hsu, C. H. (2006). Predicting behavioral intention of choosing a travel destination. Tourism Management, 27(4), 589-599.
Lin, L., & Chen, C. (2006). The influence of the country-of-origin image, product knowledge and product involvement on consumer purchase decisions: An empirical study of insurance and catering services in Taiwan. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 23(5), 248-265.
Lyu, M. S. (2018). Influence on the Importance of Store Attributions on Korean Consumer Satisfaction in Duty Free Stores. The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business, 9(2), 73-80.
Mano, H., & Elliott, M. T. (1997). Smart shopping: The origins and consequences of price savings. Association for Consumer Research, 24, 504-510.
Mano, H., & Oliver, R. L. (1993). Assessing the dimensionality and structure of the consumption experience: Evaluation, feeling, and satisfaction. Journal of Consumer Research, 20, 451-466.
Mathwick, C., Malhotra, N., & Rigdon, E. (2001). Experiential value: Conceptualization, measurement and application in the catalog and internet shopping environment. Journal of Retailing, 77(1), 39-56.
McArthur, L. Z., & Baron, R. M. (1983). Toward an ecological theory of social perception. Psychological Review, 90(3), 215.
Menon, S., & Kahn, B. E. (1995). The impact of context on variety seeking in product choices. Journal of Consumer Research, 22(3), 285-295.
Middleton, C., & Smith, S. (2011). Purchasing habits of senior farmers' market shoppers: Utilizing the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics, 30(3), 248-260.
Murray, H. A. (1938). Explorations in Personality: A Clinical and Experimental Study of Fifty Men of College Age. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
Omar, O., & Kent, A. (2001). International airport influences on impulsive shopping: Trait and normative approach. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 29(5), 226-235.
Park, J., Gunn, F., & Han, S. (2012). Multidimensional trust building in e-retailing: Cross-cultural differences in trust formation and implications for perceived risk. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 19(3), 304-312.
Pavlou, P. A., & Fygenson, M. (2006). Understanding and predicting electronic commerce adoption: An extension of the theory of planned behavior. MIS Quarterly, 30(1), 115-143.
Peters, C., & Bodkin, C. D. (2007). An exploratory investigation of problematic online auction behaviors: Experiences of eBay users. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 14(1), 1-16.
Phuong, N. N. D., & Dat, N. T. (2017). The Effect of Country-of-Origin on Customer Purchase Intention: A Study of Functional Products in Vietnam. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 4(3), 75-83.
Quintal, V. A., Lee, J. A., & Soutar, G. N. (2010). Risk, uncertainty and the theory of planned behavior: A tourism example. Tourism Management, 31(6), 797-805.
Rivis, A., & Sheeran, P. (2003). Descriptive norms as an additional predictor in the theory of planned behaviour: A meta-analysis. Current Psychology, 22(3), 218-233.
Robert, D., & John, R. (1982). Store atmosphere: An environmental psychology approach. Journal of Retailing, 58(1), 34-57.
Roberts, J. A., & Tanner Jr, J. F. (2002). Compulsive buying and sexual attitudes, intentions, and activity among adolescents: An extension of roberts and tanner. Psychological Reports, 90(3_part_2), 1259-1260.
Roehm Jr, H. A., & Roehm, M. L. (2005). Revisiting the effect of positive mood on variety seeking. Journal of Consumer Research, 32(2), 330-336.
Rook, D. W. (1987). The buying impulse. Journal of Consumer Research, 14(2), 189-199.
Rook, D. W., & Gardner, M. P. (1993). In the mood: Impulse buying’s affective antecedents. Research in Consumer Behavior, 6(7), 1-28.
Ryu, J. S., & Bringhurst, A. (2015). The effects of store environment on shopping behavior: The role of consumer idiocentrism and allocentrism. The East Asian Journal of Business Management, 5(4), 5-11.
Ryu, K., & Jang, S. (2006). Intention to experience local cuisine in a travel destination: The modified theory of reasoned action. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 30(4), 507-516.
Schechter, L. (1984). A normative conception of value. Progressive Grocer, Executive Report, 2, 12-14.
Schindler, R. M. (1989). The excitement of getting a bargain: Some hypotheses concerning the origins and effects of smart-shopper feelings. Advances in Consumer Research, 16, 447-453.
Seo, J., & Huh, E. (2004). Cross-cultural comparison of materialism and hedonic & utilitarian shopping value: Using Korean, American, and Japanese college students. Korean Journal of Human Ecology, 13(5), 765-776.
Shankar, V., Rangaswamy, A., & Pusateri, M. (1999). The online medium and customer price sensitivity. Working Paper, 04-1999, e-Business Research Center, University Park, PA.: Pennsylvania State University.
Sherry Jr, J. F. (1990). A sociocultural analysis of a midwestern American flea market. Journal of Consumer Research, 17(1), 13-30.
Soper, K. (2007). Re-thinking the Good life: The citizenship dimension of consumer disaffection with consumerism. Journal of Consumer Culture, 7(2), 205-229.
Standifird, S. S., Roelofs, M. R., & Durham, Y. (2005). The impact of e-Bay's buy-it-now function on bidder behavior. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 9(2), 167-176.
Steenkamp, J. E., & Baumgartner, H. (1992). The role of optimum stimulation level in exploratory consumer behavior. Journal of Consumer Research, 19(3), 434-448.
Steenkamp, J. E., & Baumgartner, H. (1995). Development and cross-cultural validation of a short form of CSI as a measure of optimum stimulation level. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 12(2), 97-104.
Tauber, E. M. (1972). Why do people shop?. The Journal of Marketing, 36(10), 46-49.
Tellis, G. J. (1988). The price sensitivity of competitive demand: A meta analysis of sales response models. Journal of Marketing Research, 15(3), 331-341.
Thomas, D. (1997). Retail and leisure developments at London Gatwick Airport. Commercial Airport, 24, 38-41.
Valence, G., d'Astous, A., & Fortier, L. (1988). Compulsive buying: Concept and measurement. Journal of Consumer Policy, 11(4), 419-433.
Van Trijp, H. C., Hoyer, W. D., & Inman, J. J. (1996). Why switch? product category: Level explanations for true variety-seeking behavior. Journal of Marketing Research, 33, 281-292.
Wauters, E., Bielders, C., Poesen, J., Govers, G., & Mathijs, E. (2010). Adoption of soil conservation practices in belgium: An examination of the theory of planned behaviour in the agri-environmental domain. Land Use Policy, 27(1), 86-94.
Weinberg, P., & Gottwald, W. (1982). Impulsive consumer buying as a result of emotions. Journal of Business Research, 10(1), 43-57.
Wong, Y., Osman, S., Jamaluddin, A., & Yin-Fah, B. C. (2012). Shopping motives, store attributes and shopping enjoyment among Malaysian youth. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 19(2), 240-248.
Wu, C., & Chen, I.-T. (2009). The effect of Utilitarian/ Hedonic consumption attitude on in-store high involvement purchase process. Journal of International Marketing and Marketing Research, 34(2), 63-142.
Yoo, S. S., Huh, M. Y., & Min, K. D. (2017). Women as Consumers: An Analysis on Their Consumption Culture. The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business, 8(7), 31-38.
Yoon, S. M. (2011). Analysis on Behavior about Adventurous Leisure Activity by Using Extended Theory of Planned Behavior (ETPB): Focused on the Role of Prior Knowledge and Attachment. Korean Journal of Hotel Administration, 20, 189-208.
Yoon, S. M., Shin, C. Y., Lee, C. K. (2014). An Analysis on the Factors Affecting the Tourism Behavior by Adopting the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior, Journal of Tourism Sciences, 38, 253-276.
Yulihasri, T. (2004). Retailing on internet: The buying intention. MBA Thesis, School of Management, Penang: University Sains Malaysia.
Yurchisin, J., & Johnson, K. K. (2004). Compulsive buying behavior and its relationship to perceived social status associated with buying, materialism, self‐esteem, and apparel‐product involvement. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 32(3), 291-314.
Zebrowitz, L. A. (1990). Social Perception. Pacific Grove, CA: Thomson Brooks/Cole Publishing Co.
Zint, M. (2002). Comparing three attitude-behavior theories for predicting science teachers' intentions. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 39(9), 819-844.