This study investigates factors that might influence Korean women's career orientation, and the relationship among predicting variables and the outcome variable for 98 women incumbents of 3 public institutions of Korea. The variables investigated are self-efficacy, locus of control, the existence of mentor, vocational commitment, sex role attitude, sex stereotype, sex awareness, the organizational culture of sex discrimination, the habitual customs of organization, the support of important persons, and family environments. Demographic variables were age, marital status, the age of the youngest child, incumbent duration. According to the results of this study, the variables influencing career orientation were self-efficacy, locus of control, sex role identity, sex awareness, contextual support and family environments. Among demographic variables, the variable influencing career orientation was the age of the youngest child.
This study investigates factors that might influence Korean women's career orientation, and the relationship among predicting variables and the outcome variable for 98 women incumbents of 3 public institutions of Korea. The variables investigated are self-efficacy, locus of control, the existence of mentor, vocational commitment, sex role attitude, sex stereotype, sex awareness, the organizational culture of sex discrimination, the habitual customs of organization, the support of important persons, and family environments. Demographic variables were age, marital status, the age of the youngest child, incumbent duration. According to the results of this study, the variables influencing career orientation were self-efficacy, locus of control, sex role identity, sex awareness, contextual support and family environments. Among demographic variables, the variable influencing career orientation was the age of the youngest child.
Some previous research has found that a man is more likely to be distressed by imagining his mate's sexual infidelity than her emotional infidelity, whereas the opposite pattern is true for a woman. Theories in the evolutionary perspective interpreted the findings as results of human generic sexual-differences in mating strategies. However, the sociocultural perspective has argued that the sexual differences possibly represents artifacts of measurement - especially, artificial effects from the forced-choice methodology - and the findings are based on effortful cognitive processes rather than spontaneous responses reflecting generically-automatic processes. The present research tested the evolutionary versus sociocultural hypotheses by using both forced-choice and continuous measures of jealousy and reaction times(RTs) for imaging sexual infidelity vs. emotional infidelity. As results, the sexual difference was found only in participants' response on the forced-choice measure of jealousy but not on the continuous measures. Also, there was no sexual difference in the reaction time in imagining sexual versus emotional infidelity. The result also revealed that participants' previous sexual experiences play a moderating role on jealousy experiences. These findings were consistent with the sociocultural explanation of the sexual differences in jealousy.
The purpose of this study is to approach the recent increase of women's drinking condition via cultural view rather than a problematic view. Participants of the study were 90 women who were 20 years and older of age with experience of drinking more than once in the past 1 month. The contents were derived through face-to-face interviews. In conclusion, firstly, the most frequent drinking occasion is 'friend relating situation' and 'family relating situation'. Secondly, in the case of drinking partner pattern it was in the order of 'friend/elder/junior', 'colleague', and 'family/relative'. In addition, the types of drink were in the order of 'Soju', 'Traditional wine', and 'Beer' etc. Thirdly, observation of drinking trend and amount yielded the following. Average drinking frequency was once every two weeks. In addition, the average amount was half a bottle of soju per occasion. Furthermore, the suggestion of key findings and limitations of this study are discussed.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of psychological independency, self-assertiveness on career attitude maturity focusing on gender difference. The study involved 228 participants(131 males and 97 females) who were asked to complete a questionnaire that measured separation individuation, self-assertiveness and career attitude maturity. Separation individuation was used to obtain a measured psychological independency from parents. The results revealed that there were significant main effects of psychological independency on career attitude maturity. However, main effects of self-assertiveness and gender were not found. There was no interaction of each variable. Subfactors of career attitude maturity were also examined. Among these results, a significant gender difference on independence subfactor. These findings suggested that psychological independency influences on career attitude maturity significantly. The implications of gender difference and limitations of this study were discussed and suggestions for further research were proposed.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of psychological independency, self-assertiveness on career attitude maturity focusing on gender difference. The study involved 228 participants(131 males and 97 females) who were asked to complete a questionnaire that measured separation individuation, self-assertiveness and career attitude maturity. Separation individuation was used to obtain a measured psychological independency from parents. The results revealed that there were significant main effects of psychological independency on career attitude maturity. However, main effects of self-assertiveness and gender were not found. There was no interaction of each variable. Subfactors of career attitude maturity were also examined. Among these results, a significant gender difference on independence subfactor. These findings suggested that psychological independency influences on career attitude maturity significantly. The implications of gender difference and limitations of this study were discussed and suggestions for further research were proposed.
In this paper, we'd like to argue that the power of women has been weakened by means of society and social institution in Korean culture. First of all, we reviewed how the power has been conceptualized in academic society compared feminists' viewpoint on power. The concept of power has been studied as a thing, which is objectified and decontextualized, and treated as a psychological attribute possessed by a person. The powerful person is always a normal, male, capitalist, and dominant class. In addition, those individuals have the power to control the abnormal, female, laborer, and subordinate class. However, feminists argued that the notion of power has to be conceptualized from the viewpoint of social and cultural context. That is, the power as capacity or potentials will be transformed the weak into the strong through social relationship such as networking and mentoring. In Korean culture, there has been a discourse of middle-aged women, i.e. Adjumma. They are stereotyped as ugly, selfish, and impolite as well as mother-like representation such as warm, generous and frugal, and discriminated institutionally. Thus, to be empowered, women themselves have to develop their capacity or potential and make social network in order to support each other. Lastly, we suggest several strategies for empowering Korean women in terms of individual, interpersonal (intergroup) and societal level.
In this paper, we'd like to argue that the power of women has been weakened by means of society and social institution in Korean culture. First of all, we reviewed how the power has been conceptualized in academic society compared feminists' viewpoint on power. The concept of power has been studied as a thing, which is objectified and decontextualized, and treated as a psychological attribute possessed by a person. The powerful person is always a normal, male, capitalist, and dominant class. In addition, those individuals have the power to control the abnormal, female, laborer, and subordinate class. However, feminists argued that the notion of power has to be conceptualized from the viewpoint of social and cultural context. That is, the power as capacity or potentials will be transformed the weak into the strong through social relationship such as networking and mentoring. In Korean culture, there has been a discourse of middle-aged women, i.e. Adjumma. They are stereotyped as ugly, selfish, and impolite as well as mother-like representation such as warm, generous and frugal, and discriminated institutionally. Thus, to be empowered, women themselves have to develop their capacity or potential and make social network in order to support each other. Lastly, we suggest several strategies for empowering Korean women in terms of individual, interpersonal (intergroup) and societal level.
The purpose of this study was to investigate how Korean women implement their own sex-role stereotypes in the contexts of Korean politics. On the basis of nation-wide surveys of the 14th, the 15th and the 16th Korean presidential elections, female voters' political interests, voting participation, policy evaluation, factors of decision making, partisanship and ideological orientation, and candidate choice were analyzed. Results indicated that overall Korean women's voting behavior was correspondent to political attitudes they were presumed to have. That is, female than male voters were more conservative in that they had lower political interests and stronger inclinations to stability. In decision-making of voting candidates, further, Korean women were more influenced by their family than Korean men and tended to have preference to candidates from the government party. However, with control over educational level and social roles, gender differences in political attitudes were not identified, a suggestion that Korean women's political attitudes result from strengthened sex-role stereotypes. Nonetheless, women's “amiable and positive” attitudes had unique explanation of their voting behavior, which implies that this factor is critical in their political behavior.