The present study was conducted to (1) examine the effect of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior control in explaining gender equality intention as well as gender equality behavior, i.e., test the theory of reasoned action and the theory of planned behavior (2) investigate the role of moral obligation in the prediction of gender equality behavior, and (3) propose and test the research model which includes the moral obligation variable into the theory of planned behavior. A nationwide sample of 727 Korean male adults participated in the survey. Both Reliability analysis and principal axis factor analysis showed that most factors were unidimensional with moderate to high reliability. The results from stepwise regression analyses indicated that the gender equality intention was explained 35.2% by the theory of reasoned action and 45.9% by the theory of planned behavior, while gender equality behavior was explained 37.3% and 39.6% respectively by each theory. When the moral obligation was added into the stepwise regression analysis, the variance was increased into 55.4% for gender equality intention and 40.8% for gender equality behavior. Furthermore, the moral obligation was more important predictor than the subjective norm. The results from the LISREL supported the research model proposed in this study with reasonable goodness of fit. Finally the implications and limitations of the present study as well as the future directions of this area were discussed.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the consensus and differences of in understanding of Korean culture and common social values according to gender. The respondents of the survey research were total 1,646 adults living in the six regions. The significant findings were discussed in terms of inter group relationship between women and men, and then the implications and the limitations of these results were discussed from the perspectives of gender equality in Korean Society and the important topics for the future study were mentioned.
The purpose of this study is to explore the psychological characteristics and the related psychological variables of the parentified child. A total of two hundreds seventy (N = 270) Korean undergraduate students participated in this study. The students completed Parentification Questionaire-Adult, Filial Royalty Scoring-Adult, Self-differentiation, Triangulation, and Psychological independence. Above of all scores from the students whose parents either have serious disease, died, discord, separated, and divorced(general family, N = 182) or never(special family, N = 82) were then compared. The results are as follows: first, there ware significant positive correlations between parentification and filial & royalty, triangulation and significant negative correlations between parentification and psychological independence from their parents in the dimension of conflict. Second, children from special family were inclined to be more parentifed than the children from general family. Finally, parentified child was inclined to report lower level of subjective quality of life than non-parentified child. This research suggest that although parentified children look like adoptive and considerate, they are likely to have psychological risk. Therefore, it is suggested that psychological therapy can be helpful to the parentified child's mental health.
The purpose of this study was to investigate social competence to sex and parental attachment security in late school-aged children. The subjects were 581 fifth and sixth graders from one elementary school in Seoul and their mothers. Children's parental attachment security was assessed by IPPA-R(Armsden & Greenberg, 1987) and their social competence was obtained by their mothers through ISCS(Pease, Clark & Crase, 1979). The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and two-way ANOVA. The results of this study were as follows; children's social competence differed as a function of child's sex and maternal attachment security. Boys of low maternal attachment security group were more apprehensive and got more social preference from peers.
Two experiments were conducted to explore the implicit representation of gender knowledge using primed naming task and lexical decision task for prime-target pairs. In Experiment 1, Participants were presented gender's attributes as primes at SOA 650ms and were asked to pronounce person's name which were differed in typicality of gender's attributes. The results showed that female gender effects, typicality effects, and interactions were found. In Experiment 2, Participants were presented gender's attributes as primes at SOA 150ms and were asked to decision to gender attributes which were differed in preference and typicality of gender's attributes. The results showed that positive preference effect was observed in female attribute only, but reversed typicality effects were found in male attribute. These results were discussed from a point of view of graded representation of gender categories and asymmetrical processing to priming conditions.
Using open-ended questionnaires, this study was conducted to explore social representations and gender stereotypes held by Koreans on children and adults. Participants were 249 adults, 162 teachers and 265 college undergraduates. According to the results, characteristics of children and adults worthy of the name were based on the same personalities. However, there was a sharp contrast between child boy and girl and between man and woman, which was in accordance with general gender stereotypes. Desirable children and adults were very similar to those children and adults worthy of the name and yet gender stereotype was weakened. Happiness for both children and adults was determined mainly by interpersonal relationships, physical health and socio-economical status. These findings were discussed in terms of features of Korean culture and gender stereotype.
In the present study social problem solving training program designed to treat and prevent mental health problem for adolescents was developed and the effectiveness of it was assessed. Hundred and forty one adolescents were divided into two groups and the experimental group attended group therapy once a week for 12-14 weeks to be trained to apply social knowledge and problem solving skills to their everyday interpersonal problems. The subjects were assessed before and after the social problem solving program using the following measures: SPSI, MEPS. Results showed that general problem solving attitude, pattern, and performing ability were significantly improved following the training program. Results of this study provide a strong case for effectiveness of social problem solving training program as treatment for social problem solving ability.
Analyzing the case gender budget movement performed by local women's organizations, this study aims at exploring women's collective empowerment. In doing so, the study introduces the concept of politics of everyday life as an alternative to the traditional conception of politics and takes collective identity formation and changes in gender policies as measures of empowerment. The study shows that through forming collective identity as local women who are both a social category and active policy actors, they can achieve empowerment to change the conditions of their lives. This study is an effort to fill the limitations in dominant resource mobilization and political process models focusing on the structural factors in explaining emergence, trajectories, outcomes of social movements. In addition, the study would suggest a practical implication that women's collective empowerment experienced through everyday life politics can subvert the distintion between the public and private worlds and influence the policy changes of the local governments.
This study was intended to investigate the effects of gender-stereotypes and self-positivity bias on Korean women's self-construals and in-group and out-group perceptions. The results of explicit questionnaire which we developed to measure perceptions of male and female and self-construals showed that positive gender-stereotypes made effects on self-construals and in-group perception. But the results of IAT showed that even gender-stereotypes and self-positivity bias were automatically activated, self-positivity was prior to gender-stereotypes. The results were discussed in terms of self-consistency, self-protect and self-fulfilling prophecy.
This study was intended to investigate the effects of gender-stereotypes and self-positivity bias on Korean women's self-construals and in-group and out-group perceptions. The results of explicit questionnaire which we developed to measure perceptions of male and female and self-construals showed that positive gender-stereotypes made effects on self-construals and in-group perception. But the results of IAT showed that even gender-stereotypes and self-positivity bias were automatically activated, self-positivity was prior to gender-stereotypes. The results were discussed in terms of self-consistency, self-protect and self-fulfilling prophecy.