본 연구는 대학 졸업예정자들의 진로서비스 이용에 따른 구직 관련 자기 효능감의 성차를 조사하였다. 구직 관련 자기 효능감으로는 구직 효능감, 사회지지망 사용 효능감, 인터뷰 효능감, 자기 탐색 효능감의 네 영역이 포함되었으며, 이들이 성별 및 진로 서비스 이용 경험의 유무에 따라 어떠한 차이를 보이는지가 검증되었다. 미국 남녀 대학 졸업예정자 123 명이 연구에 참여하였으며, 구직 관련 자기 효능감 척도가 사용되었다. 척도의 점수가 다소 부적 편포를 보였으므로 정상 분포에 가깝도록 변환된 점수가 분석에 사용되었다. 이미 졸업 후 직업이 결정되었는지의 여부는 공변량으로 통제되었다. 다중 공변량 분석 결과, 성별 자체는 유의미한 주효과가 없었으나, 진로 서비스 이용 경험의 유무의 주효과와 성별과 진로서비스 이용간의 상호작용 효과는 유의미하였다. 여성의 경우, 진로서비스를 이용하지 않은 집단은 이용한 집단보다 네가지 유형 모두의 효능감 수준이 낮았으나, 남성은 진로서비스를 이용하지 않은 집단과 이용한 집단 간의 차이가 유의미하지 않았다. 이 결과는 진로서비스의 효과에 있어서 성차가 있음을 시사한다.
The present study investigated gender differences in career search self-efficacy of graduating college students. The differences in four types of career search self-efficacy, job search efficacy, networking efficacy, interviewing efficacy, and personal exploration efficacy, were examined based on gender and the previous use of career services. One hundred twenty three male and female college students who were graduating in two months completed Career Search Efficacy Scale. Due to the moderate negative skewness, the scores of career search self-efficacy measures were power transformed. Whether they already received job offers or not was controlled as a covariate. The result of MANCOVA indicated the main effect of the use of career services and the interaction between gender and the use of career services on career search self-efficacy. Women who used career services showed higher scores on four types of career search self-efficacy measures than those who did not. Men did not show significant differences based on the use of career services. These results suggest the relationship between career search self-efficacy and the use of career services is stronger for women than for men, possibly implying that the relative importance of career services may be based on gender.
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