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본 연구는 우리나라 성인들의 애착특성 중에서 부, 모와의 애착안정성 및 애착유형에 따라, 그리고 성별차이에 따라서 대인관계 양식은 어떤 특성을 나타내는지 알아보기 위해 실시되었다. 예비연구로 성인애착유형과 관련된 여러 애착검사들 간의 상관관계를 살펴보았으며 4범주 애착유형모델을 애착유형검사로 채택하였다. 본 연구에서 성인남녀들에게 부, 모 애착척도, 4범주 성인애착유형척도와 관계적 자아검사(Relational Self Scale)를 실시하여 이원다변량분석(MANOVA)을 하였다. 그 결과 부모와의 애착안정성이 높은 집단은 안정적이고 긍정적인 애착유형을 보였으며 대인관계에서 공감배려와 긍정경험을 많이 하고 관계회피를 적게 하는 양상을 나타냈다. 부,모 애착안정성과 애착유형과 같은 성인애착특성에서는 성별에 따른 차이가 유의하게 나타나지 않았다. 반면에 대인관계에서는 부, 모 애착안정성과 애착유형의 주효과 뿐만 아니라 성별에 따른 주효과도 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 일반적인 대인관계에서 성별에 따라 관계표현과 패턴이 달라짐을 암시한다. 연구결과는 애착과 관련된 심리발달적인 측면과 사회문화적인 측면에서 논의되었으며, 대인관계 양식에 좀 더 직접적인 영향을 줄 수 있는 관계대상이나 상황과 같은 맥락적 변수를 고려하여 추후 연구가 필요함을 제안하였다.
This study is conducted to explore how relationship patterns are different according to attachment security and attachment styles, focusing on differences between the sexes. After the correlational analysis among the several attachment style questionnaires, four-category adult attachment style questionnaire by Bartholomew & Horowitz(1991) is selected for the Korean adults. With the Inventory of Parent Attachment, the Relational Self Scale(2007) is used to investigate relationship modes, which measures relational selves multi-dimensionally, taken into account of Korean culture. These Scales were administered to 529 Korean adults aging from 18 to 65years old. According to the results of Multiple Analysis of Anova (MANOVA), there are significant gender differences in the relationship patterns, while no differences are found in attachment security and among the four attachment styles between the sexes: The more secure attachment with one's parents, the more positive and secure relationship with others: There are significant differences in all the dependent variables of relationship patterns according to the attachment styles except dependency variable: Women show higher scores than men on the positive relational experiences: men show higher scores than women on the instrumental relations. These results reflect that there are gender differences in general relationship patterns during the process of socialization, which is in accord with the former findings. In conclusion, main effects of the attachment security, attachment styles and gender differences on relationship patterns are found but no interaction effect. The results were discussed in terms of emotional-developmental and sociocultural viewpoints.
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