The study aims to examine the gender effect of victim and judge on the assessment of a case. For this aim, the data was collected from 183 students regarding their assessment of cases including murder, assault, rape, and arson as well as their values related to those cases. The result shows the strong gender effects of judge on the assessment of a case. Women sentenced longer sentence than men on the given cases. And also, Women showed more sterner values regarding the cases than men. Especially, in the rape case, women sentenced longer sentence when they sentenced the woman victim case than the man case. On the other hand, men sentenced longer sentence when they sentenced the man victim case than the woman case. Finally, Implications and limits of the study are discussed.
This study examined the effect of self-esteem as a mediator of the relationship between instrumentality, gender role conflict and depression in 124 Korean middle-aged men with structural equation modeling. The hypothesized model fitted to materials. Results indicated that instrumentality was not directly influenced depression, but demonstrated indirect effect through the mediation of self-esteem, whereas gender role conflict demonstrated direct and indirect effect through the mediation of self-esteem. These results were consistent with the literature. These results suggest the need to consider the positive aspects and negative aspects of male gender role when we need to understand and counsel middle-aged men. Both directions for future research and the implications for counselors are discussed.
This study investigated the career compromise processes of university students by comparing the relative importance of sex type, social prestige, and interests based on Gottfredson's (1981) theory. A total of 370 undergraduates (237 males and 131 females) at two large universities in Seoul, South Korea participated in return for extra credit in their introductory psychology classes. The results of repeated measures analysis showed that there were significant gender differences in the relative importance among three Gottfredson compromise aspects. Even though both men and women placed the greatest importance on social prestige, men seemed to sacrifice interests for higher social prestige, but women did not. In addition, there were significant effects of sex-role stereotype on the career compromise processes. Interests were preferred to sex type for students with lower levels of sex-role stereotype, but not for students with higher levels of sex-role stereotype.
This study tested a causal model that anticipated effects of married women's sexual satisfaction, sexual attitude and extramarital sexual attitude on marital satisfaction, extramarital sexual intention and divorce intention. Results of the survey to 444 married women are as follows. Sexual satisfaction and extramarital sexual attitude significantly influenced marital satisfaction, but sexual attitude didn't influence marital satisfaction. Extramarital sexual attitude was the only factor that significantly influenced extramarital sexual intention. And sexual satisfaction, sexual attitude and extramarital sexual attitude influenced divorce intention, respectively. Finally, implications and limitations of the study is discussed.
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between elderly depression and negative life stress and to investigate the buffering effects of social support and perceived strengths on the relationship. The participants of this study were elderly women who had not received a diagnosis of dementia and were sampled from the elderly residents in Busan. A total of 181 cases were included for the final hierarchical multiple regression analysis. It was found that a lower activity in daily living, a higher level of stress, a lower level of perceived interpersonal relationship strengths, and a lower level of family support led to a high degree of feelings of depression. In terms of the effect of social support and the perceived strengths of the relationship between stress and depression, perceived strengths relieved depression derived from stress. It turned out that the interaction between stress and the perceived strengths effected depression levels controlling for other socioeconomic variables. The findings of this study contribute to an increased understanding of depression among elderly women and suggest a cognitive behavioral intervention to enhance positive thinking in terms of preventing depression and managing depression. The limitations of this study are discussed along with some suggestions for future research and strategies.
The purpose of this study was to test the socio-cognitive model of make-up maum of Korean women. In order to build make-up maum model, we approached meaning of make-up, reason for make-up, positive and negative function of make-up by qualitative method. Then we performed content analysis of qualitative data. We also collected quantitative data from Korean university students and adults. A total of 335 respondents was participated in this study. We tested the socio-cognitve model for make-up maum by strutural equation modeling. The results indicated that desire for make-up and make-up belief as a category of maum influenced positively on make-up behavior. However, this model was suitable for only adults sample. In addition, we tested the effect of emotion on make-up maum cosisted of desire and belief. The results showed that felt emotion during make-up related positively to desire and belief repectively. Also, emotion influenced indirectly on make-up behavior.
To develope and validate a scale(KOBES: Korean Overall Body Esteem Scale) which reflects cognitive, affective and social aspects of body esteem, and which encompasses bodily function as well as bodily form and that can be adopted to both sexes, two independent research were performed with university students(n1=252, n2=307). Body esteem revealed as 3 factor structure which was consisted of 1) appearance esteem, 2) weight esteem, and 3) bodily function esteem. These structure was stable across two independent samples, and between male sample and female sample. Internal consistancy coefficients(Cronbach's α) were .74 - .91 across sub samples, and test-retest reliability coefficients were .75 - .90 depending upon sub samples. KOBES had moderately high correlations with self-esteem, subjective well-being, and eating disorder scale(EDI-2). Besides them, KOBES revealed significant correlations with body-related behavioral intentions about diet, cosmetic surgery, drugs for weight loss especially in female sample. KOBES had no relations with social desirability scale. There were gender differences in correlation patterns among the KOBES sub-scales and between the KOBES and other measures. These results were discussed in the view of gender differences and future directions for research were proposed.