This study aims at analyzing the changes in the identity of a middle-aged Korean wild goose mother, after her reunion with the family members in South Korea, her homeland. Focusing on her autobiographical narratives, we collected the data for this study that included her memories from the past, educational analysis counseling, diaries, e-mails, memos, and SNS records. Through the three-dimensional narration inquiry space consisting of time, space, and interaction, her various experiences were categorized by their themes. Then, the meaning of those experiences was reconstructed by each theme. The findings of the study are as follows: the changes in the identity of the wild goose mother appeared mainly due to her role in the family relationship; to be more specific, her life changed from an ‘incompetent mother’ to an ‘arbitrator among the family members’; and after the reunion, her recognition of her identity changed from ‘not being able to do anything with the sense of loss’ to ‘being reborn as her own self’. In the process of autobiographical narratives, in which she wrote her own story, recollected her experiences, and found their meaning, she was given the opportunity to renew her perspective toward her own life. Through these reflection, she was able to find the following new meaning of her life based on her changed identity: first, in the process of identity changes, her extreme adherence to her children gradually changes to psychological independence; second, accepting a victim-like feeling that made her deny her past life and recognize herself to be useless, she realized that every feeling she experienced was caused by her own choice; third, a process of ‘transition-recovery’ appeared through the process of ‘despair-learning’; and fourth, it seems too early to arrive at a conclusion, as the family is still separated and the identity as a wild geese family is still ongoing. Focusing on major findings, this study suggested implications of her identity changes in terms of counseling studies and what they indicate.
The present study conducted Implicit Association Test(IAT) measures to measure implicit attitudes toward gender-based hate speech. A total of 244 undergraduates(71 male, 173 female), who attended a liberal arts lecture at the university in Kyonggi-do participated. First, the researchers created a list of hate words, using extracted words that were considered misandry(n=25), misogyny(n=25), and neutral(n=50) from previous research which had analysed ‘Ilbe Storage’, and ‘Megalian’, for producing IAT programme. D-score(Effect Size) represents response time of the hate words by each gender, was computed to identify differences between groups through t-test, and One-way ANOVA. The results indicated that the participants showed strong implicit association with the misogynist words, whereas the misandrist words were not strongly found(male M = .47, female M = -.19). In conclusion, the researchers explored university students’ implicit attitudes toward gender-based hate speech, and discussed future research to understand gender-based hate speech in more depth.
The aim of this study was to examine the moderation effects of gender, implicit theories of relationships, relationship length in the relations between psychological dating violence victimization and relationship investment. For this purpose, the survey data of 334 emerging adulthoods(male: 139, female: 195) who are currently in relationship were analyzed. The results of the PROCESS macro model 3 analysis showed that the moderated moderation effects of gender and destiny belief was significant. In brief, psychological dating victimization positively predicted relationship investment when men has low destiny belief. However, this relationship was significant when women has moderate or high destiny belief. In addition, dividing male and female in to each group according to the level of destiny belief, the moderation effect of the relationship length in the relationship between psychological dating violence victimization and relationship investment was analyzed. The results of PROCESS macro model 1 analysis indicated that the moderation effect of relationship length is significant only for women who were in longer relationship. Based on these results, implication of this study and intervention strategies for victims of psychological dating violence were discussed.
Women gamblers are marginalized and excluded from the society while being blamed and stigmatized. However, in the situation where the rate of women gamblers is increasing, the purpose of this study is to reveal and understand gambling experiences and everyday lives of women who stay near the casino through their own voices. The researcher stayed in the field for a while and conducted participatory observation and in-depth interview based on field surveys. Twenty middle-aged women gamblers of staying near the casino participated in the interviews. They have usually lived a (non)conforming life in the family, and were exposed to gambling in a life-threatening crisis of divorce or bereavement with husband, then became addicted to gambling by experiencing fun and pleasure. Despite the hard work near the casino to make money, they have wanted to settle there as members of the community. Therefore, this study suggests the need for social intervention to cope with the life crisis of women in their life cycle, and for support that women gamblers can return to and settle in the community.
This study is a phenomenological study aimed at exploring what subsistence-type working moms experience from their multiple roles in a family and what their experiences mean. The data was collected through interviews with five women who had children of pre-school age and come to experience the multiple roles of work-family due to financial difficulties in households. The results of this study applied to Giorgi's methodology were as follows: Firstly, working moms experienced financial difficulties in their families. Since then, they had become aware of the necessity of economic activity, and had been able to go to work. Secondly, they were able to endure day-to-day lives different from the lives of full-time house wives. Thirdly, working moms experienced more conflict with their husbands, who could not work together because of their multiple roles in their families, the eyes of others and social factors that were difficult to raise their children. Fourthly, it was difficult to endure the stress caused by these conflicts, and it was also difficult to avoid emotion and try to resolve it through dialogue with friends. Fifthly, subsistence-type working moms can solve problems through help from supporters in a reality that is intolerable, and can heal a tired mind through emotional support from their families. Sixthly, they saw themselves as results of their lives' changes and their families' economic difficulties and a step later, and their experiences of discovering themselves as grown people.