In this study, we studied female college students to see how priming to ambivalent sexism effect self-objectification(body surveillance, body shame) and appearance management intention, and to examine whether self-objectification(body surveillance, body shame) mediates between priming to ambivalent sexism and appearance management intention. A total of one hundred and three participants completed a experiment, and randomly assigned to three conditions: hostile sexism condition, benevolent sexism condition, control condition. Due to the missing values, extreme measures and manipulation checks, seventy-four data were used for the analysis. First, body surveillance/body shame showed significant differences in the three conditions and participants in benevolent sexism condition was significantly higher than hostile sexism condition and control condition. Appearance management intention, on the other hand, showed marignally significant differences in the three conditions, and participants in benevolent sexism condition was marginally significantly higher than hostile sexism condition, but control condition didn't show significant differences from the two conditions. Second, body surveillance/body shame mediated between priming to ambivalent sexism and appearance management intention. Based on the results of these studies, the proposals for the implication, limitations and subsequent studies were discussed. Also, the implication of counseling that when counseling client who show anxiety about her appearance, counselor help client exploring the level of ambivalent sexism and self-objectification were discussed.
This study has investigated the mediating effects of heterosexual dating experiences on the relations between self-construals and marital values of 266 single males and females (134 males and 132 females) in their 20s and early 30s. As a result, first, significant differences were observed in self-construals, marital value, and dating experiences according to demographic variables such as gender, education, and economic level. Second, as a result of examining the main factors for predicting marital intention, the heterosexual dating experience, educational level, and marital values predicts marital intention significantly. The marriage intention was high. Third, as a result of conducting path analysis to verify the mediating effect of dating experience in the relationship between self-construals and marriage value of single males and females, interdependent self-construals influenced marital values through the experience of heterosexual relationship. Independent self-construals, on the other hand, had a direct effect on conservative marrital values. The results of this study showed that marital values differed according to the types of self-construals, and interdependent self-construals predicted the formation of a positively positive marital-values through a healthy dating relationship experiences.
By focusing on the notion of ambivalence in attitudes, which has been a focus of social science field, the purpose of this study was, to develop and validate the Ambivalent Attitudes toward Marriage Scale for Korean Unmarried Women (AAMS). For this, based on the literature review and the results of the open-ended questionnaire, and through expert review, we developed 23 items for AAMS. Then, we conducted exploratory factor analysis in a sample Korean unmarried women who were in a heterosexual relationship and found 2-factor structure, 18 items. We also tested the construct validity through confirmatory factor analyses in two different samples, and the results reconfirmed the 2-factors structure, 18 items. In addition, convergent and concurrent validities were examined via correlations with measures of marriage intent, marriage attitudes, fear of intimacy, and avoidant attachment. Based on our study results, we discussed academic implication, ways to use AAMS, and suggestions for future research.
In this study, we aimed to verify the validity of the mental health two-factor structure for a group of sexual minority(LGB) in South Korea. To this end, 464 people who were recruited from the Queer portal site completed K-MHC-SF (Korean Mental Health Continuum-Short Form), K-MDI (Korean Mental Disorder Inventory), and LGBIS (The Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale). To compare model fit, we then conducted a Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA) of the study and competition models. Based on this, We investigated one-way ANOVA and Post-hoc analysis whether mental health groups differ in psychosocial adaptations in terms of sexual minority identity depending on Keyes(2002)'s classification of mental health groups. CFA revealed that in comparison to the one-factor model and independent two-factor model, the correlated two-factor model was best fit. One-way ANOVA revealed significant differences in various LGB Identity related variables according to mental health groups. Post-hoc analysis indicated the complete mental health group showed the best results regarding psychosocial adaptation, and the pure mental illness groups had a better level of psychosocial adaptation than the pure languishing group. Lastly, the importance of positive mental health research and intervention for sexual minority populations was discussed.
Perfectionism is a widely-studied transdiagnostic factor that is known to contribute to the etiology and maintenance of various mental disorders including eating disorders. However, specific mechanisms underlying the link between perfectionism and anorexia nervosa has been relatively unexplored despite empirical findings that individuals with higher levels of adaptive or maldaptive perfectionism, adaptive or maladaptive, are more likely to develop more severe anorexic symptoms. Thus, the current study examined potential mediating effects of body checking and body avoidance behaviors in the relationship between perfectionism and anorexic symptoms among female college students. A total 200 female college students completed a series of self-report inventories assessing multidimensional perfectionism, body checking behavior, body avoidance behavior, anorexic symptoms, and depression. The results indicated that body checking behavior significantly mediated the association between maladaptive perfectionism and anorexic symptoms controlling for individual variations in BMI and depression. Based on the findings, theoretical and practical implications as well as the limitations of this study are discussed.
This study tested whether body dissatisfaction and self-esteem of young women with abnormal eating behaviors could be improved by means of evaluative conditioning intervention in which photograph of participants' bodies were paired with positive social stimuli(smiling faces) and photographs of other bodies were paired with neutral(neutral faces) or negative social stimuli(frowning faces). 78 Korean female university students with abnormal eating behaviors were recruited and randomly assigned to evaluative conditioning intervention condition(n=39) or to a delayed waitlist control condition(n=39). Body dissatisfaction and self-esteem were assessed at baseline and post treatment. The intervention for this study was the replication of the experiments of Martijn et al.(2010) and Aspen et al.(2015). ANCOVAs were run to determine the effect of the intervention. The results showed that women in treatment condition demonstrated significantly decreased body dissatisfaction compared to women in the waitlist control condition. There was no significant difference in post-treatment self-esteem scores between the intervention. These findings suggest that body dissatisfaction of young women with abnormal eating behaviors may be improved by repeatedly pairing their photographs with positive social feedback. The implications and limitations of this study were discussed with suggestions for further studies.
This study examined whether objectively measured cognitive empathy and affective empathy are associated with romantic relationship. The experiment involved 50 couple who had been dating for more than a month. They completed self-report measures of relationship period and satisfaction, then talked for six minutes about good and bad moments and memories with their partner. They were recorded in a room without the researcher. After the conversation, the participants recorded their positive/negative emotion every second during conversation and the positive/negative emotion that their partner may have experienced during the conversation in the same way. We calculated how accurately the partner's positive/negative emotion were inferred―emotion recognition accuracy―and operationally defined it as cognitive empathy. After the experiment, objective raters watched the video and recorded the positive/negative emotions expressed by each participant in the conversation. We calculated the match in emotional expressions of the romantic relation―emotional expression uniformity―and operationally defined it as affective empathy. The results of this study are: First, cognitive and affective empathy in positive conversation is positively correlated with relationship satisfaction. Second, women’s cognitive empathy in positive conversation predicts women’s relationship satisfaction, and a couple’s affective empathy in positive conversation predicts men’s relationship satisfaction. Finally, the implications and limitations of this study are discussed.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of sexual narcissism on sexual aggression and to examine the mediating effects of rape myths. A total of 460 Korean men and women in their 20s completed online questionnaire. The major findings are as follows. First, among the subtypes of sexual narcissism, sexual exploitation and sexual skills were higher in males and sexual entitlement was higher in females. Rape myths was higher in men and sexual aggression did not differ between men and women. Second, both men and women showed a positive correlation between sexual narcissism and rape myths. Higher sexual narcissism tended to correlate with higher sexual aggression except for sexual skills in males and for sexual entitlement and sexual skills in females. In addition, both men and women showed higher sexual aggression as they accepted the rape myths. Third, the mediating effect of rape myths was significant only in males in the relationship between sexual narcissism and sexual aggression. For women, only sexual exploitation, a subtypes of sexual narcissism, directly affected sexual aggression. This study suggests that cognitive processes such as rape myths play an important role in men, while narcissistic personality traits are more critical in women. Implications of this study are further discussed.