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open access
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ISSN : 1229-0718
With the proportion of social, romantic and family loneliness, this study examined if there’s differences in three types of loneliness according to sex and age, what relationship was there between loneliness and persoanlity variables, that is exteroversion, neurotocism and self-esteem. As results, old adults had the highest proportion in romantic loneliness and the lowest proportion in family loneliness and the experience of loneliness was increased with age. Women experienced more romantic loneliness than men and the men of 76-80 age group experienced more family loneliness than women. Old adults of 76-80 age group experienced more social, romantic and family loneliness than the other two age groups. Except men of 71-75 age group, social and family lonelines negatively correlated with exteraversion and self-exteem and positively with neuroticism. Although similar correlation pattern was found in romantic loneliness, some variation appeared according to age group. It was confirmed three personality variables influenced three types of loneliness.
The purpose of this study was to investigative the effects of friendship jealousy on intent attribution, peer conformity, and relational aggression. A sample of 547 students from 3 girls’ middle schools in Ulsan was participated in the survey. For this study, a relation friendship jealousy scale, a intent attribution scale, a peer conformity scale, and a peer conflict scale were conducted. For statistical analyses, correlation analysis and Structural Equation Modeling were employed. The results of this study were as following: First, friendship jealousy had a positive correlation with intent attribution, peer conformity, overt aggression, relational aggression, and total in aggression. And intent attribution had a positive correlation with peer conformity, overt aggression, relational aggression, and total in aggression. Peer conformity had a positive correlation with overt aggression, relational aggression and total in aggression. Secondly, intent attribution as well as peer conformity mediated the relationship between friendship jealousy and relational aggression. Additionally, friendship jealousy exerts a direct effect on relational aggression. The implications of this study are discussed.
The purpose of this study was to compare the wisdom of old people and college students and to investigate the relations of wisdom, openness to experience, and self-transcendence. Seventy-four college students and fifty-six old people were measured their level of wisdom on Korean Wisdom Scale(Kim, 2008). It was found that old people got higher scores than college students on four areas of the Korean Wisdom Scale, especially in ‘self-control and balance’ factor. Also old people showed higher scores in self-transcendence than college students. Comparing the judgments on four hypothetical life dilemma situations, old people judged the protagonists less responsible for the dilemma than college students. Old people gave more weights on concerns for other people as best solutions whereas college students more on protagonist-oriented solutions. Wisdom was related positively both to self-transcendence and to openness to experience in old people, but wisdom was related positively only to self-transcendence in college students. Limitations of this study, its implications and suggestions for further research were discussed.
The purpose of this study was to standardize the Korean version of Caregiver-Teacher Report Form (C-TRF). 1,371 preschoolers (679 boys and 692 girls) age from 1.5-5 were selected as the normative sample. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the original C-TRF’s factor structure can be appropriately applied to the Korean version of C-TRF. The reliability was tested via internal consistency (.52～.96) and test-retest reliability (.57～.82). The mean differences and Cohen’s effect sizes of the subscales between clinical and normative sample revealed the scale’s discriminant validity. Differences of mean subscale scores for different age and sex groups showed that 4 independent norms for sex (male vs female) and 2 age groups (18～35month vs 36～72month) would be reasonable for the scale.
This study examined the role of intention in 3-and 5-year-olds’ understanding of teaching, using 4 different stories(successful teaching, failed teaching, successful imitation, failed imitation). The finding indicated that 5-year-olds considered teaching as an intentional activity only in the teaching tasks regardless of successful results. It suggested that the children’s responses could not be interpreted in terms of the functional definition of teaching. This study also examined which variables such as teaching, false belief, and vocabulary could predict children’s school readiness. The results of multiple regression analyses suggested that 5-year-olds’ expressive vocabularies uniquely predicted their school readiness-language and cognitive skills.
This study examined the structural relationships among Perceived mother’s parenting behaviors, Attachment security, Rejection sensitivity and Self-concept Clarity. Based on the theoretical background, this study suppose that relationship between Perceived mother’s parenting behaviors and Self-concept Clarity is mediated by attachment security and rejection sensitivity. For this research, the self-report data of 409 College student in Seoul and suburbs of Seoul were analyzed. After examining hypothetical model, subordinate levels of perceived mother’s parenting behaviors, overprotection, has a direct effect on Self-concept clarity. At the same time, Relationship between subordinate levels of perceived mother’s parenting behaviors, care and overprotection, and Self-concept clarity was mediated by attachment security to the mother and rejection sensitivity. However, care was not significant as a direct path to predicting Self-Concept Clarity. Lastly, the study model was shown to be suitable both to male and female and no significant difference was found in Path Coefficient.
The current study investigated the development of rational imitation in 14-month-old Korean infants using Gergely et al. (2002)’s procedure. We also examined the relationship between infants’ rational imitation and their temperament. The infants watched an actor use her head to illuminate a light box while her hands were free (Hands-free condition) or while her hands were occupied by a blanket (Hands-occupied condition). The infants in the hands-free condition were more likely to imitate the actor’s head action than the infants in the hands-occupied condition. In the hands-free condition, the frequency of head reenactment negatively correlated with infants’ negative emotionality and the latency of head reenactments negatively correlated with the duration of orienting in infants. These results indicate that 14-month-old Korean infants can infer the goals of others’ actions by considering situational constraints and that individual differences in rational imitation can be related to differences in infants’ temperament.
This study examined the relative contribution of infant, mother, and family socioeconomic characteristics on expressive vocabulary acquisition of 24-month-olds. A sample of 320 infants and their mothers were recruited for this study. Results indicated that infants’ auditory memory(specifically, listening and repetition ability), the amount of expressive vocabulary at 18 months, adaptability, mothers’ linguistic inputs, monthly family income, and the amount of monthly book expense, significantly contributed to expressive vocabulary at 24 months of infant age in that order and together explained 55% of the variance of infants’ expressive vocabulary. The implications on development of language program for young children were discussed.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of children’s negative temperament characteristics on the relationship between early school adjustment and mothers’ parenting attitudes. The participants were 124 pairs of mothers and classroom teachers of children. Children’s temperaments and mothers’ parenting attitudes were measured using mothers’ reports and school adjustment was measured via reports of each child’s school teachers. Correlation and hierarchial regression analyses were conducted based on the reports by the parents and teachers, The findings showed that in terms of academic performance adjustment specifically, there was an interaction effect between the children’s negative temperament characteristics and positive parenting attitudes. On the other hand, there were no indications of interaction effects within the domains of school life adjustment, peer adjustment, and teacher adjustment. Additionally, girls displayed a higher level of school adjustment and its four subcategories compared to boys. Also, the mothers‘ positive parenting attitude significantly predicted school life adjustment, academic performance adjustment, peer adjustment, and teacher adjustment. The results from the current study demonstrated that mothers’ positive parenting attitudes positively affected children’s overall school adjustment and that girls appeared to be better adjusted in the first and second grades of elementary school than boys. Most importantly, children with high negative reactivity are able to perform better academically than the children with low negativity reactivity when they receive positive parenting from their mothers.