ISSN : 1229-0688
우울의 先行 嫌件에 관심을 갖는 두 이론적 입장-과정론적 입장과 구조론적 입장-을 비교, 통합하여 지각된 스트레스, 인지 세트 및 대처 방식과 우울의 관계에 대한 還論的 漢理을 제시하고 이모형의 타당성을 반복적 조사 연구와 면접 연구을 통하여 검증하였다. 입학 시점의 스트레스에 관심을 둔 연구I에서는 서울과 기타 지역에서 사회 문화적 배경을 고려하여 선정된 6개 대학의 남ㆍ여 신입생 803명의 자료가 분석되었다. 통로 분석에서 선행 변인들이 우울을 설명하는 변량은 42%로 매우 높게 나타났다. 인지 세트의 두 변인이 우울을 설명하는 변량은(32.2%), 지각된 스트레스와 대처 방식이 함께 고려되었을 때보다(18%) 더 커서, 과정적 변인들보다 구조적변인들의 우울에 대한 예언력이 더 높다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 연구II는 시험 스트레스 상황에서 現場實驗的 방법을 통해 모형의 타당성을 재검증하기 위한 것이었다. 연구I의 첫 조사 시점에서의 인지 세트 수준에 따라 선정한 371명을 시험 전 주일에 개별 면접하였다. 그 결과 부정적 인지 세트를 가진 사람들이 긍정적 인지 세트를 가진 사람들보다 시험 스트레스 상황에서 더 우울하였으며, 스트레스를 더 많이 느끼고, 적극적 대처와 소극적 대처를 더 많이 사용하였다. 연구I의 첫 조사 시점에서의 우울을 사전 우울 수준으로 통제하여 각 변인들이 우울을 설명하는 정도를 분석한 결과는 연구I의 경과를 지지하는 것이었다. 이 연구 결과는 우울을 연구하는 데 있어서 안정적 요인인 개인의 인지적 특성과 상황적 특성, 그리고 과정적 요소인 대처 행동을 동시에 고려해야 한다는 점과 사전 우울 수준을 고려할 필요성을 시사하였다.
The purpose of this study was to explore the validity of a newly integrated model to explain how stress influences depression. The model was established theoretically by comparing and integrating two approaches : The cognitive approach to depression and the cognitive phenomenological approach to stress. The suggested model is assumed to deal with cognitive set (self - perception and perceived social support), perceived stress (type and importance) and coping behavior (active and passive coping) as mediating variables and depression as the outcome variable. The appropriateness of the model was examined through two studies. For Study I, the most stressful event or situation which freshmen might experience was surveyed twice with two - week intervals right after entrance. The subjects twice with two —week intervals right after entrance. The subjects were 803 freshmen from six universities selected in Seoul and other cities in consideration of the socio-cultural environment. The collected data of respondents analyzed by the path analysis method, and the variables (perceived stress, cognitive set, and coping behavior) explained 42 percent of the total variance of depression. The cognitive set (self - perception and perceived social support) was directly and significantly related to depression. It explaind more variance of depression than perceived stressfulness and coping strategies. Perceived stressfulness was directly related to depression and coping behavior. Types of the most steressful experience were not significantly related to depression, however, they had a significant relationship to coping behaviors. Finally, active coping behavior was negatively related to depression while passive coping was positively* related to depression. Study II was performed for the purpose of retestifying appropriateness of the model under another stressful situation … mid-term examination, and specifying the results of Study I in detail. From the sample of Study I, 371 students were selected according to the level of the cognitive set. The students were interviewed individually one week prior to the mid-term examinations. The results were reconfirmed mostly as those of Study I. Additionally, interaction between types of stressful experiences and coping behaviors influenced the level of depression and its changed amount. Also, the group of positive cognitive set used both active and passive coping more than the group of negative cognitive set did. The significance of this study is that the study proposed and newly integrated model based on two representative approaches to depression and testified how perceived stressful experiences resulted in depression within the frame of this model. On the basis of the results, it is implied that personal cognitive characteristics, situational factors and coping behaviors have to be considered together for research concerned with depression. The research should be planned to prevent the possibility that the previous depression level might be confused with the mediating process. The study imposes practical meaning that effective and efficient strategies could be developed to change a client's cognitive structure and coping behaviors in a professional setting in therapy and counseling for depression.
