Self-Esteem as a Mediator Between Instrumentality, Gender Role Conflict and Depression in Korean Middle-aged Men

김지현; 최희철

doi:10.18205/kpa.2007.12.2.004

Article Contents

Prev Next

e-Submission

Vol.12 No.2

Citation
Share

Self-Esteem as a Mediator Between Instrumentality, Gender Role Conflict and Depression in Korean Middle-aged Men

The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology / The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology, (P)1229-0726;

2007, v.12 no.2, pp.145-160

https://doi.org/10.18205/kpa.2007.12.2.004

& (2007). Self-Esteem as a Mediator Between Instrumentality, Gender Role Conflict and Depression in Korean Middle-aged Men. The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology, 12(2), 145-160, https://doi.org/10.18205/kpa.2007.12.2.004

copy

Abstract

This study examined the effect of self-esteem as a mediator of the relationship between instrumentality, gender role conflict and depression in 124 Korean middle-aged men with structural equation modeling. The hypothesized model fitted to materials. Results indicated that instrumentality was not directly influenced depression, but demonstrated indirect effect through the mediation of self-esteem, whereas gender role conflict demonstrated direct and indirect effect through the mediation of self-esteem. These results were consistent with the literature. These results suggest the need to consider the positive aspects and negative aspects of male gender role when we need to understand and counsel middle-aged men. Both directions for future research and the implications for counselors are discussed.

keywords: Gender role, Gender role conflict, Instrumentality, Self-esteem, Depression, 남성 성역할, 도구성, 성역할 갈등, 자기존중감, 우울, 중년 남성성역할은 한 사회 문화 안에서 남성 혹은 여성에게 적절한 것으로 간주되고 기대되는 행동을 말한다(O'Neil, 1981). 1970년대의 여성운동과 1980년대의 일부 남성 연구자들은 여성 및 남성 각각의 성역할 사회화가 각각에게 비합리적인 제한을 가한다고 제안하였다(O'Neil, Helms, Gable, David, Wrightsman, 1986, Sharpe, Heppner, Gender role, Gender role conflict, Instrumentality, Self-esteem, Depression

Reference

김영희 (1988). 한국형 성역할검사 개발 연구. 아세아 여성 연구, 27, 153-182, 숙명여자대학교 아세아 여성문제 연구소.

김지현, 최희철 (2004). 남성 성역할, 성역할 갈등과 우울의 관계에 대한 자아존중감의 매개효과. 2004년 한국특수교육학회 추계학술대회. 13-23.

김지현, 황매향, 유정이 (2003). 한국어 성역할 갈등 척도(Korean Gender Role Conflict Scale: K-GRCS) 타당화 연구. 아시아교육연구, 4, 25-41.

김지현, 황옥경, 최희철 (2005). 중년 남성의 성역할, 성역할 갈등과 부부의 결혼만족, 상담학연구, 6(2), 621-632

김태련, 김정휘 역 (2002). 남성의 폭력성에 관하여. 서울: 이화여대출판부.

윤진, 최정훈, 김영미 (1989). 성역할 고정관념과 남성의 스트레스와의 관계(I): 남성스트레스 척도 개발과 관련변인에 대한 탐색적 연구. 한국심리학회지 연차학술발표대회 초록, 12-19.

전겸구, 최상진, 양병창 (2001). 통합적 한국판 CES-D 개발. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 6(1), 59-76.

전병제 (1974). 자아 개념 측정 가능성에 관한 연구. 연세논총, 11.

정진경 (1990). 한국 성역할 검사. 한국심리학회지: 사회, 5, 82-92.

10.

최희철, 김병석, 김지현 (2005). 남자 대학생의 외향성, 신경증적 경향성, 성역할, 성역할 갈등과 주관적 행복의 관계. 상담학연구, 6(1), 61-73.

11.

홍세희 (2001). 임상심리학 이론의 경험적 검증을 위한 최신 연구방법론: 구조 방정식 모형을 이용한 매개모형과 잠재평균모형의 분석. 2001년도 한국임상심리학회 워크샵 교재, 한국임상심리학회.

12.

Bem, S. L. (1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 155-162.

13.

Hermann, K. R., & Betz, N. E. (2004). Path models of the relationships of instrumentality and expressiveness to social self-efficacy, shyness, and depressive symptoms. Sex Roles, 51(2), 55-66.

14.

Burnett, J. W., Anderson, W. P., & Heppner, P. P. (1995). Gender roles and self-esteem: A consideration of environmental factors. Journal of Counseling and Development, 73, 323-326.

15.

Cournoyer, R. J., & Mahalik, J. R. (1995). Cross-sectional study of gender role conflict examining college-aged and middle aged men. Journal of Counseling Psyhology, 42, 11-19.

16.

Good, G. E., Robertson, J. M., Fitzgerald, L. F., Stevens, M., & Bartles, K. M. (1996). The relation between masculine role conflict and psychological distress in male university counseling center clients. Journal of Counseling and Development, 75, 44-49.

17.

Good, G., & Mintz, L. B. (1990). Gender role conflict and depression in college men: Evidence for compound risk. Journal of Counseling and Development, 69, 17-21.

18.

Kilmartin (2007). The masculine self (3rd ed.). New York: Sloan Publishing.

19.

Lu, L., & Wu, H. (1998). Gender-role traits and depression: Self-esteem and control as mediators. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 11, 95-107.

20.

McCreary, D. R., Newcomb, M. D., & Sadava, S. W. (1999). The male role, alcohol use, and alcohol problems: A structural modeling examination in adult women and men. Journal of Counseling and Psychology, 46(1), 109-124.

21.

O'Neil, J. M. (1981). Patterns of gender role conflict and strain: Sexism and fear of feminity in men's lives. Personnel and Guidance Journal, 60, 203-210.

22.

O'Neil, J. M., Good, G. E., & Holmes, S. (1995#. Fifteen years of theory and research on men's gender role conflict: New paradigms for empirical research. In Ronald F. Levant & Williams S. Pollack #Eds#. A new psychology of men #pp. 162-206). New York: Basic Books. pp. 163-206.

23.

O'Neil, J. M., Hemls, B., Gable, R., David, L., & Wrightsman, L. (1986). Gender Role Conflict Scale: College men's fear of feminity. Sex Roles, 14, 335-350.

24.

Pervin, L, A., & John, O. P. (2001). Personality: Theory and Research. N.Y.: John Wiley & Sons.

25.

Pleck, J. H. (1995). The gender role strain paradigm: An update. In R. R. Levant & W. S. Pollack (Eds.), A new psychology of men (pp.11-32). New York: BasicBooks.

26.

Rice, K. G., Ashby, J. S., & Slaney, R. B. (1998). Self-esteem as a mediator Between perfectionism and depression: A structural equation analysis. Journal of Counseling Psyhology, 45, 304-314.

27.

Roberts, J. E., Gotlib, I. H., & Kassel J. D. (1996). Adult attachment security and symptoms of depression: The mediating roles of dysfunctional attitudes and low self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(2), 310-320.

28.

Rogers, C. R. (1961). On becoming a person. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.

29.

Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton: Princeton University Press

30.

Sharf, R. S. (2002). Applying career development theory to counseling (3rd, ed). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.

31.

Sharpe, M. J., & Heppner, P. P. (1991). Gender role, gender role conflict, and psychological well-being in men. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38, 323-330.

32.

Sharpe, M. J., & Heppner, P. P., & Dixon, W. A. (1995). Gender role conflict, Instrumentality, expressiveness, and well-being in adult men. Sex Roles, 33, 1-18.

33.

Spence, J. T. (1991). Do the BSRI and PAQ measure the same or different concepts? Psychology of Women Quarterly, 15, 141-165.

34.

Theodore, H., & Lloyd, B. F. (2000). Age and gender role conflict: A cross-sectional study of australian men. Sex Roles, 42(11/12), 1027-1041.

35.

Tokar, D. M., Fischer, A. R., Schaub, M., & Moradi, B. Masculine gender roles and counseling-related variables: Links with and mediation by personality. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47(3), 380-393.

36.

Whitley, B. E. (1984). Sex-role orientation and psychological well-being: Two meta-analyses. Sex Roles, 12, 207-225.

37.

Wilkinson, R. B. (2004). The role of parental and peer attachment in the psychological health and self-esteem of adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 33(6), 479-493.

38.

Zamarripa, M. X., Wampold, B. E., & Gregory, E. (2003). Male gender role conflict, depression, and anxiety: Clarification and generalizability to women. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50(3), 333-338.

바로가기메뉴

Article Contents

Vol.12 No.2

Self-Esteem as a Mediator Between Instrumentality, Gender Role Conflict and Depression in Korean Middle-aged Men

Abstract

Reference

The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology