본 연구에서는 명시적 애착과 암묵적 애착이 주관적 안녕감을 예측하는 데 있어 어떠한 상대적 설명력을 가지는지 알아보고자 하였다. 서울 및 경기, 인천 지역의 중학생 174명을 대상으로, 친밀 관계 경험 질문지(ECR), 암묵적 연합 검사(IAT), 삶의 만족도 척도(SWLS), 정적정서 및 부적정서 척도(PANAS)를 실시하였고, 성별에 따른 차이가 있는지 살펴보기 위하여 남녀 집단을 나누어 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 암묵적 애착, 명시적 애착, 주관적 안녕감의 하위 변인들에 있어서의 성차는 정적정서와 삶의 만족도에서만 나타났다. 둘째, 암묵적 애착을 측정하기 위해 사용된 암묵적 연합 검사의 단어들은 범주에 따라 분류 가능하며, 대부분의 청소년들은 타인보다는 자신과 어머니에 대하여 더 긍정적인 암묵적 태도를 가지고 있었다. 셋째, 명시적 애착과 주관적 안녕감의 하위 변인들 사이에서는 대부분 유의한 상관관계가 나타났고, 이에 따른 성차는 두드러지지 않았다. 반면 암묵적 애착과 주관적 안녕감의 상관관계는 성별에 따라 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 명시적 애착 변인들은 남녀 모두에게서 주관적 안녕감의 세 가지 하위 변인들을 예측하는 데 있어 유의미하게 높은 설명력을 가졌다. 반면 주관적 안녕감의 하위 변인들에 대한 암묵적 애착 변인의 설명력은 성별에 따라 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 의의 및 제한점이 논의되었다.
The purpose of the study was to examine (1) how the attachment and subjective well-being differ according to gender, and (2) the different contribution of implicit and explicit attachment to subjective well-being in middle school students. The subjects in this study were 174 middle school students in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Incheon Province. The results of this study were as follows. First, there were significant gender difference in positive affect and life satisfaction, while no gender difference in implicit, explicit attachment and negative affect. Second, the words used in the two sets of Implicit Association Test were classifiable and most students had more positive implicit attitudes of the self and their mother than of other people. Third, there were significant relationship between explicit attachment and three components of subjective well-being across gender, whereas the relationship between implicit attachment and subjective well-being differed according to gender. Fourth, explicit attachment predicted three components of subjective well-being in both boys and girls. In contrast, implicit attachment explained subjective well-being differently according to gender. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings were discussed.
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