The Impact of Acculturative Stress and Perceived Social Support on Depression among Female Marriage Immigrants: Direct and Moderating Effects of Social Support
Abstract
This study examined the impact of acculturative stress and perceived social support on depression among female marriage immigrants in South Korea. Specifically it investigated the direct effects on depression of four different sources of perceived social support (i.e., husband, in-laws, friend, and social worker), and explored the extent to which these support measures moderate the impact of acculturative stress on depression. Data were drawn from a self-administered questionnaire study in which 558 female marriage immigrants participated through the 36 centers for multicultural family support, distributed nationwide. As expected, results of multiple regression analyses revealed that respondents with a higher level of acculturative stress expressed a higher level of depressive symptoms in all analyses. In separate analyses for each measure of perceived social support and its interaction term with acculturative stress, each support measure showed a significant main effect on depression, and none of the interaction terms was significant. In an analysis of the full model, including 4 types of social support measure, only two support measures, perceived spouse support and in-laws support showed significant direct effects. These results suggest a positive direct link between perceived social support and mental health, and that perceived social support may not moderate the impact of acculturative stress on these women’s depression. Finally directions for future studies and clinical practice implications were discussed.
- keywords
- Female marriage immigrant, mental health, acculturative stress, social support, depression., 여성결혼이민자, 결혼이주여성, 정신건강, 문화적응 스트레스, 사회적 지지, 우울
Reference
경수영, 장수미 (2010). 중국 유학생의 문화적응스트레스가 우울과 음주문제에 미치는 영향. 정신보건과 사회사업, 34, 399-421.
권복순 (2009). 한국어 능력, 자아존중감이 결혼이주여성의 문화적응스트레스에 미치는 영향. 한국사회복지학, 61(2), 5-32.
김미령 (2005). 탈북자의 적응스트레스와 사회적 지지가 우울성향에 미치는 영향. 한국사회복지학, 57(1), 193-217.
김순규, 이주재 (2010). 국제결혼 이주여성의 한국어 능력과 사회적 지지가 한국생활 적응에 미치는 영향. 한국가족복지학, 15(1), 5-20.
김오남 (2006). 여성결혼이민자의 부부갈등 및 학대에 관한 연구-사회문화적 요인을 중심으로. 한국가족복지학, 18, 33-76.
김현숙 (2010). 결혼이주여성의 결혼적응에 관한 연구. 한국사회복지학, 62(2), 135-159.
김희숙 (2006). 문화적응스트레스가 이주노동자의 우울, 불안에 미치는 영향: 경기도 마석지역 미등록노동자를 중심으로. 한양대학교 행정대학원 석사학위 청구논문.
김희주, 은선경 (2007). 결혼이주여성의 적응을 위한 대처전략에 관한 사례연구-필리핀 여성을 중심으로. 사회복지연구, 35, 33-66
보건복지부 (2005). 국제결혼 이주여성 실태조사 및 보건․복지지원 정책방안.
사회복지공동모금회 (2009). 다문화가족의 한국생활적응 및 사회복지서비스 지원방안 연구.
서울시정개발연구원 (2007). 다문화가족 지역정착을 위한 사회적 지원방안연구.
양옥경, 김연수 (2007). 서울거주 여성결혼이민자의 우울에 영향을 미치는 요인 연구. 정신보건과 사회사업, 26, 79-110
양옥경, 송민경, 임세와 (2009). 서울지역 결혼이주여성의 문화적응스트레스에 관한 연구. 한국가족관계학회지, 14(1), 137-168.
엄한진 (2011). 다문화사회론. 서울: 소화.
위 홈 (2003). 국제결혼과 여성폭력에 관한 정책제안을 위한 원탁토론회 자료집. 국가인권위원회.
윤형숙 (2004). 국제결혼 배우자의 갈등과 적응. 최 협․김성국․정근식․유명기 편. 한국의 소수자 실태와 전망(pp.321-349). 서울: 한울.
윤형숙 (2005). 외국인 출신 농촌주부들의 갈등과 적응: 필리핀 여성을 중심으로. 지방사와 지방문화, 8(2), 299-339.
윤혜미 (2009). 결혼이민자 가족을 대상으로 한 임파워먼트 기반의 사회복지실천 연구. 한국사회복지학, 61(4), 85-108.
이인선 (2004). 문화적응스트레스가 외국인 노동자의 정신건강에 미치는 영향: 사회적 관계의 조절효과를 중심으로. 연세대학교 사회복지대학원 석사학위 청구논문.
임지영, 신현균, 김희경 (2010). 남한 사회에 정착한 북한이탈주민의 생활스트레스, 지각된 사회적 지지, 대처방식과 전반적인 심리증상 간 관계. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 29(2), 631-638.
임 혁 (2010). 여성결혼이민자의 정신건강 영향요인에 관한 연구. 정신보건과 사회사업, 34, 189-221.
임현승 (2010). The impact of acculturative stress and perceived social support on depression of marriage-based immigrant women in Korea: An examination of moderating and mediating effects of social support, 한국가족복지학, 15(2), 27-45
전우택 (2000). 사람의 통일을 위하여: 남북한 사람들의 통합을 위한 사회정신의학적 고찰. 서울: 오름.
정기선, 한지은 (2009). 국제결혼이민자의 적응과 정신건강. 한국인구학, 32(2): 87-114.
정진경, 양계민 (2004). 문화적응이론의 전개와 현황. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 23(1): 101- 136.
정혜영, 김진우. (2009). 베트남여성결혼이민자 가족의 문화적응과정에서 나타나는 갈등연구. 한국사회복지학, 62(2), 29-55.
통계청 (2011). 국제결혼 및 여성결혼이민자 통계(http://www.kosis.kr).
한건수 (2006). 농촌지역 결혼이민자 여성의 가족생활과 갈등 및 적응. 한국문화인류학, 39(1), 195-243.
한경구 (2003). 왜 문화인가. 한국문화인류학회 (편), 처음 만나는 문화인류학(pp.19-31). 서울: 일조각.
한국보건사회연구원 (2010). 2009년 전국 다문화가족실태조사 연구.
현경자 (2012). 여성결혼이민자의 두문화정체성과 결혼의 안녕: 관점의 다각화에 기반 한 자기긍정성의 매개효과. 한국사회복지학, 64(2), 241-271.
홍순혜, 이숙영, 김선화 (2010). 북한이탈청소년의 문화변용 추적과 남한사회 적응에 관한 연구. 한국사회복지학, 62(1), 343-365.
Barrera, M., Jr. (1986). Distinctions between social support concepts, measures and models. American Journal of Community Psychology, 14(4), 413-445.
Berry, J. W. (1997). Immigration, acculturation, and adaptation. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 46(1), 5-68.
Berry, J., & Sam, D. (1997). Acculturation and adaptation. In J. W. Berry, M. H. Segall, & C. Kagitcibasi (Eds), Social Behavior and Applications, Vol 3 (pp.291-326). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Choi, G. (1997). Acculturative stress, social support, and depression in Korean American families. Journal of Family Social Work, 2(1), 81-97.
Chou, K. (2009). Pre-migration planning and depression among new migrants to Hong Kong: The moderating role of social support. Journal of Affective Disorders, 114(1-3), 85-93.
Chou, K. (2012). Perceived discrimination and depression among new migrants to Hong Kong: The moderating role of social support and neighborhood collective efficacy. Journal of Affective Disorders, 138(1-2), 63-70.
Cohen, S., & Wills, T. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310-357.
Constantine, J., Okazaki, S., & Utsey, S. (2004). Self-concealment, social self-efficacy, acculturative stress, and depression in African, Asian, and Latin American international college students. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 74(3), 230-241.
Crockett, L., Iturbide, M., Torres Stone, R., McGinley, M., Raffaelli, M., & Carlo, G. (2007). Acculturative stress, social support, and coping: Relations to psychological adjustment among Mexican American College Students. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 13(4), 347-355.
Dao, T., Lee, D., & Chang, H. (2007). Acculturation level, perceived English fluency, perceived social support level, and depression among Taiwanese international students. College Student Journal, 41(2), 287-295.
Donnelly, T. (2002). Contextual analysis of coping: Implications for immigrants’ mental health care. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 23(7), 715-732.
Furnham, A., & Li, Y. (1993). The psychological adjustment of the Chinese community in Britain: A study of two generations. British Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 109-113.
Gibson, M. (2001). Immigrant adaptation and patterns of acculturation. Human Development, 44(1), 19-23.
Han, H., Kim, M., Lee, H., Pistulka, G., & Kim, K. (2007). Correlates of depression in the Korean American elderly: Focusing on personal resources of social support. Journal of Cross- Cultural Gerontology, 22(1), 115-127.
Jayasuriya, L., Sang, D., & Fielding, A. (1992). Ethnicity, immigration, and mental illness: A critical review of Australian research. Canberra: Bureau of Immigration Research.
Kim, H., & Kim, S. (2008). Acculturative stress of foreign migrant workers and contributing factors.: Examining the role of social support. 정신보건과 사회사업, 30, 78-100.
Kuo, W., & Tsai, Y. (1986). Social networking, hardiness, and immigrants’ mental health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 27(2), 133-149.
Lakey, B., & Cronin, A. (2008). Low social support and major depression: Research, theory and methodological issues. In K. S. Dobson & D. Dozois (Eds.), Risk factors for depression (pp.385-408). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Lakey, B. & Orehek, E. (2011). Relational regulation theory: A new approach to explain the link between perceived social support and mental health. Psychological Review, 118(3), 48 -495.
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman. S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.
Lin, L., & Hung, C. (2007). Vietnamese women immigrants’ life adaptation, social support, and depression. Journal of Nursing Research, 15(4), 243-254.
Mui, A. C., & Kang S. Y. (2006). Acculturation stress and depression among Asian immigrant elders. Social Work, 51(3), 243-255.
Naidoo, J. (1985). A cultural perspective on the adjustment of South Asian Women in Canada. In I. R. Langunes & Y. H. Poortinga (Eds.), From a different perspective: Studies of behavior across cultures (pp.76-92). Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger.
Radloff, L., & Locke, B. (1986). The community mental health survey and the CES-D scale. In Community Surveys of Psychiatric Disorders. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Ryder, A., Alden, L, & Paulhus. D. (2000). Is acculturation unidimensional or bidimensional?” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(1), 49-65.
Salgado de Snyder, V. N. (1987). Factors associated with acculturative stress and depressive symptomatology among married Mexican immigrant women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 11(4), 475-488.
Sandhu, D. S., & Asrabadi, B. R. (1994). Development of acculturative stress scale for international students: Preliminary findings. Psychological Reports, 75(1, Pt2), 435-448.
Shen, B., & Takeuch, D. (2001). A structural model of acculturation and mental health status among Chinese Americans. American Journal of Community Psychology, 29(3), 387-418.
Shin, H., Han, H., & Kim, M. (2007). Predictors of psychological well-being among Korean immigrants to the United States: Structured interview survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 44(3), 415-426.
Sumer, S., Poyrazli, S., & Grahame, K. (2008). Predictors of depression and anxiety among international students. Journal of Counseling & Development, 86(4), 429-437.
Thoits, P. A. (1985). Social support and psychological well-being: Theoretical possibilities. In I. G. Sarason & B. R. Sarason (Eds.), Social support: Theory, research and application (pp.51-72). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff.
Thoits, P. A. (1986). Social support as coping assistance. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54(4), 416-423.
Uchino, B. N. (2004). Social support and physical health: Understanding the health consequences of our relationships. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Ying, Y., & Liese, L. (1991). Emotional well-being of Taiwan students in the U. S.: An examination of pre-to post-arrival differential. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 15(3), 345-366.
Zelkowitz, P., Schinazi, J., Katofsky, L., Saucier, J., Valenzuela, M., Westreich, R., & Dayan, J. (2004). Factors associated with depression in pregnant immigrant women. Transcultural Psychiatry 41(4), 445-464.
- Downloaded
- Viewed
- 0KCI Citations
- 0WOS Citations