ISSN : 1229-0688
본 연구는 남한에 거주하는 북한 이탈 주민의 우울 수준의 시간에 따른 변화추이와 예측요인을 이해하기 위해서 실시되었다. 이를 위해서 2001년도에 남한에 거주하는 탈북 주민 200명을 대상으로 우울 수준과 북한 및 탈북과정 외상경험을 측정하였고 이 중 추적에 성공한 151명의 탈북주민을 대상으로 2004년도에 우울수준과 남한 사회 스트레스 경험, 인구 사회학적 변인을 측정하여 그 결과를 분석하였다. 3년 추적연구 결과 전체적으로 탈북주민의 우울수준은 유의미하게 증가하였고, 특히 남성의 우울수준이 유의미하게 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 연령이 높은 집단, 북한에서 결혼한 경험이 있는 집단, 건강이 나쁜 집단, 만성질환을 갖고 있는 집단은 그렇지 않은 경우보다 우울수준이 높았다. 2001년도에는 북한에서 대학을 나오지 않은 것, 북한 내에서 심리적 외상이 적게 경험한 것이 탈북 주민의 우울을 예측하였고, 2004년도에는 북한에서 결혼 경험이 있는 것, 북한 내에서 심리적 외상이 많은 것, 탈북과정에서 겪은 심리적 외상이 적은 것, 남한사회에서 스트레스를 많이 경험한 것이 우울을 예측하였다. 이러한 연구결과가 탈북 주민의 적응 및 치료적 개입, 정신건강 서비스 프로그램과 추후 연구에 시사하는 바를 논의하였다.
The purpose of this study was to find out a change of depression's level in a course of time and predictors of depression of North Korean defectors in South Korea. This survey was conducted on 200 North Korean defectors with questions on depression, psychological trauma in North Korea and escape process from North Korea in 2001. Among them, 151 North Korean defectors were followed up with questions on depression, stress experience in South Korea and socio-demographic characteristics in 2004. Result indicated that depression of North Korean defectors was significantly increased during three years, and especially depression of men was significantly increased. The level of depression of an old age group, a marriage experienced group in North Korean, a poor health group, and a chronic disease group was higher than any others. In 2001, no graduation from University in North Korea and less psychological trauma in North Korea predicted depression of North Korean defectors. In 2004, marriage in North Korea, more psychological trauma in North Korea, less psychological trauma in escape process from North Korea, and more stress in South Korea predicted depression of North Korean defectors. Finally, adjustment, therapeutic interventions, mental health service programs of North Korean defectors and further study were discussed.
(2000) 탈북자들의 외상척도 개발 연구,
(2003) MMPI에 나타난 북한이탈주민의 개인차 특성,
(2001) 탈북자의 개인차 요인이 적응 및 정신건강에 미치는 영향,
(2003) 탈북자의 남한에서의 삶의 질,
(2002) 북한이탈주민 가족의 가족문화 특성에 관한 질적연구,
(1999) 탈북자의 남한사회 적응실태와 정착지원의 새로운 접근,
(1993) 사건 귀인 및 무망감과 우울의 관계,
(1991) MMPI-D척도의 신뢰도 및 타당도에 대한 연구,
(1991) 대학생용 생활 스트레스 척도의 개발,
(2004) 남한 내 탈북자들의 3년간 남한 사회 연구 2001년부터 2004년까지 의식 및 생활 만족도를 중심으로,
(2003) 탈북자들의 남한 사회 적응생활 실태조사-2001년도 553명의 탈북자들에 대한 조사를 중심으로 ,
(1999) 우울증 평가의 실재 BDI와 SDS의 임상적 사용,
(2004) 북한출신 대학생들의 대학생활 적응에 대한 질적 연구,
(2004) 심리학적 관점에서의 남북한 문화 이질성 북한이탈주민의 심리적 적응을 중심으로,
(2001) 북한이탈주민의 우울 성향에 관한 연구,
(2004) 북한이탈주민의 외상 후 스트레스 장애에 대한 3년 추적연구,
(1994) Psychopathology and long-term adjustment after crises in refugees from East Germany The International Journal of Social Psychiatry,
(1961) An Inventory for measuring depression Archives of General Psychiatry,
(1993) underemployment and depressive affect among Southeast Asian refugees,
(1989183-195) Catastrophic stress and factors affecting its consequences among Southeast Asian refugees,
(1993) Prevalence of depressive symptoms among established Vietnamese refugees in the United States Journal of General International Medicine,
(1991) and depression in Cambodian refugees American Journal of Psychiatry,
(1993) Predictors of psychological distress among Southeast Asian refugees,
(1989) A mental health survey of the Vietnamese refugee in Japan The International Journal of Social Psychiatry,
(1999) Comparing perceived self-efficacy among adolescent Bosnian and Croatian refugees with and without posttraumatic stress disorder,
(1995) Organized violence and the stress of exile:Predictors of mental Health in a community cohort of vietnamese refugees three years after resettlement,
(2002) The mental health of war-wounded refugees; an 8-year follow-up. ,
(1998) A survey of depressive symptoms among Vietnamese-American men in three locales : Prevalence and correlates.,
(1997) Predictors of depression among refugees from Vietnam A longitudinal study of new arrivals ,
(1993) DSM-III disorders in Vietnamese refugees Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
(2000) Psychosocial predictors of acculturative stress in Mexican immigrants,
(1986) The Price of Freedom Young Indochinese refugees in Australia,
(1996) Mental disorder among refugees and the impact of persecution and exile some findings from and outpatient population ,
(2001) Traumatic events and psychological symptoms in a non clinical refugee population in Norway ,
(1994) Prospective study on the relationship between depressive symptoms and chronic musculoskeletal pain,
(2002) Range and dimensions of trauma experienced by Bosnian refugees resettled in Australia,
(2003) The complexity of trauma response a 4 year follow-up of adolescent Cambodian,
(1990) The agony of exile a study of the migration and adaptation of Indochinese refugee adults and children, Johns Hopkins University
(1985) A comparative study of Southeast Asian refugees National Institutes of Health,
(1989) patterns and predictors of the refugee adaptation process A comparative study of Southeast Asian refugees Laotians and Vietnamese in America,
(1994) Development of and acculturative stress scale for international students:preliminary findings,
(1997) Depression and PTSD in Asylum-seekers associations with pre-migration trauma and post- migration stressors ,
(1988) Relationship between acculturation-related demographics and cultural attitudes of an Asian-Indian immigrant group,
(2002) Long term effect of psychological trauma on the mental health of Vietnamese refugees resettled in Australia: a population-based study,
(1985) The course of depression and depressive symptoms:A review and analysis,
(1989) Psychosocial adjustment among refugees during their first decade in the United States Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease,
(1984) A study of Hmong refugees at 1,
(1991) Primary prevention of acculturative stress among refugees application of psychological theory and practice,
