ISSN : 1229-0688
본 연구는 상담 과정과 결과간에 공감적 이해가 매개적 역할을 하는 중요한 변인이라고 보았다. 따라서 상담 과정의 한 변인인 상담자의 반응의도와 상담효율성간의 관계를 공감적 이해라는 매개변인을 통하여 인과적으로 밝히고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 초기상담에서 주로 사용한다고 보고된 상담자 반응의도-지지, 통찰, 자재격려-를 조작하였다. 각 조건에는 30명씩 무선배치하여 모의상담 상황에서 상담회기 평가 질문지, 공감적 이해 평가 척도, 상담자 평가 척도를 평정하게 하였다. 그 결과 지지의도와 자체격려의도가 상담회기 평가와 공감적 이해도 평가에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 상담자 평가에 있어서는 지지의도, 통찰의도, 자제격려의도가 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 상담자의 공감적 이해가 높다고 평가할 때 상담회기 평가와 상담자 평가가 긍정적인 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과 공감적 이해는 상담 효과를 평가하는 데 영향을 미치는 중요한 변인이며 특히 상담자를 평가하는 데 보다 크게 기여하는 것으로 나타났다.
The present study is to examine the hypothesis that client-perceived empathy mediate the causal relationship of counselor intentions and counseling outcome. For this purpose three kinds of counselor intentions which seemed to be mainly used in the beginning of counseling were selected. The intentions were "support", "insight", and "self-control". The experimental conditions were manipulated by the frequency of counselor intentions in each script : "support", "insight", and "self-control" intentions were significantly frequent and more of them were significantly frequent. The subjects of this experiment were 120 female college students and they were randomly assigned to four conditions "support", "insight", "self-control" and "neutral" which controlled the counselor intentions. The subjects listened to one of the audiotaped counseling sessions and then evaluated the session. The measures to evaluate the counseling session were : the Session Evaluation Questionnair, Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory and Counselor Rating Form. The Results of this study are summarized as follows : First, "Support" is related with positive outcome on depth factor, on the other hand, "self-control" is related with negative outcome on smoothness factor. Second, "support" and "self-control" have an important effect on evaluation counselor's Empathy. Third, "support" and "insight" have positive effect on evaluating counselor's trustworthiness and attrativeness, on the other hand, "self-control" has negative effect on evaluating counselor's trustworthiness and attractiveness. Forth, the outcome of high-empathy session is evaluated positive. And two dimensions of empathy-empathy recognition and referential empathy have an important effect on evaluating counseling outcome. The most significant finding of this study was that empathy has an important effect on counseling session outcome, especialy on perceiving counselor's attitudes. It is concluded that empathy is one of variables to mediate between counselor intentions and counseling outcome.
