본 연구에서는 성인애착 이론 및 관련 선행 연구를 토대로 성인애착과 심리적 디스트레스, 성인애착과 대인관계문제 간 관계에서 주요 타인의 피드백에 대한 반응이 대처 관련 변인들에 영향을 미치는 복합적인 인과적 관계를 설정하고, 모형의 적합도 및 매개효과를 검증하였다. 이를 위해 서울, 경기, 강원 소재 8개 4년제 대학교에 재학 중인 대학생 401명으로부터 자료를 수집하였다. 구조방정식 모형을 통한 자료 분석 결과, 측정모형과 구조모형이 자료에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 구체적인 경로를 살펴보면, 우선 애착불안은 피드백에 대한 긍정적 반응과 부정적 반응에 정적인 영향을 미치고, 피드백에 대한 긍정 및 부정적 반응은 정서적 과민반응을 통해 대인관계문제에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 애착회피는 피드백에 대한 무관심 반응, 정서적 단절 또는 사회적 지지 추구를 통해 대인관계문제에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 드러났다. 셋째, 애착회피는 심리적 디스트레스에 직접적인 영향을 미칠 뿐 아니라 정서적 단절을 매개로 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 드러났다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 상담실제 및 후속연구에 대한 시사점을 논하였다.
On the basis of adult attachment theory and extant literature, the present study evaluated the model representing the complex interplay of adult attachment, psychological distress, interpersonal problems, and three mediators (i.e., reactions to significant others’ feedback, emotional coping, and social support seeking) by employing structural equation modeling (SEM). Results of SEM with data from 401 college students indicated that the hypothesized model fit the data well. The link between attachment anxiety and interpersonal problems was partially mediated by two of the feedback variables (i.e., positive and negative reaction) and subsequently by emotional reactivity. The link between attachment avoidance and interpersonal problems was fully mediated by indifference to feedback, emotional cutoff, or social support seeking. Also, emotional cutoff partially mediated the link between attachment avoidance and psychological distress. Implications for future research and counseling practice are discussed.
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