ISSN : 1229-0688
Vol.22 No.3
Abstract
The current study was intended to scrutinize the process of changing from the negative object relationships type into the positive object relationships. In order to achieve this purpose, the grounded theory approach was utilized. Twenty participants were recruited among people exhibiting high negative object relationships. Given the grounded theory, 91 concepts, 33 sub-categories, and 15 sub-categories were categorized in the open coding process. The core component of the changing process in object relationship was ‘to live out healthy in order to overcome their own pain’. The results showed that there were five stages(i.e., ‘recognizing pain’, ‘searching for changes’, ‘accepting’ ‘overcoming’, and ‘experiencing changes’) in the process of changing. The current study provided implications in understanding other's mind designing intervention in counseling.
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to develop and validate the Korean version of the Shortened General Attitude and Belief Scale, and to examine the mediation effects of goal stability, and self-esteem on the relation between college students' irrational beliefs and depression. A questionnaire was administered to 539 college students from 3 universities. Exploratory factor analysis of the Korean version of the Shortened General Attitude and Belief Scale yielded one rationality factor and four irrationality factors. Additionally, those showing depression exhibited lower level of rationality and higher level of four sub-scales of irrationality than those showing no depression. Finding of the current study showed that the self-downing and the need for achievement and comfort were substantial factors influencing on the college students' depression. Finally, goal stability and self-esteem mediate the relation between irrational beliefs and depression.
Abstract
On the basis of adult attachment theory and extant literature, the present study evaluated the model representing the complex interplay of adult attachment, psychological distress, interpersonal problems, and three mediators (i.e., reactions to significant others’ feedback, emotional coping, and social support seeking) by employing structural equation modeling (SEM). Results of SEM with data from 401 college students indicated that the hypothesized model fit the data well. The link between attachment anxiety and interpersonal problems was partially mediated by two of the feedback variables (i.e., positive and negative reaction) and subsequently by emotional reactivity. The link between attachment avoidance and interpersonal problems was fully mediated by indifference to feedback, emotional cutoff, or social support seeking. Also, emotional cutoff partially mediated the link between attachment avoidance and psychological distress. Implications for future research and counseling practice are discussed.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effects of early maladaptive schemas, ambivalence over emotional expressiveness and avoidance coping style on the relation between childhood trauma and early adulthood depression using structural equational modeling. Three competing models were compared and evaluated in order to examine the interrelationships among the variables of interest. CTQ-SF, YSQ-SF, AEQ, CSI, CES-D were implemented to 270 early adults(123 males and 147 females) between 20 and 30 years of age. The direct effects of childhood trauma on adulthood depression did not reach statistical significance. Early maladaptive schemas, however, had direct effects on adulthood depression. It also had indirect effects on adulthood depression mediated by avoidance coping style and ambivalence over emotional expressiveness. Ambivalence over emotional expressiveness showed an indirect relation to adulthood depression mediated by avoidance coping style. Implications for the counseling and suggestions for future study are discussed.
Abstract
This study examined the relations among stigma, self-esteem, and attitude toward professional help seeking, in which the process of seeking professional help might be identified and understood. In the current study, the two competitive hypotheses were simultaneously examined: 1) Self-stigma was hypothesized to mediate the relations between public-stigma and attitude toward professional help seeking; 2)and both public-stigma and self-stigma were assumed to directly influence attitude toward professional help seeking. Results indicated that self-stigma mediated the relations between public-stigma and attitudes toward professional help seeking. Also, stigma indirectly influenced individual self-esteem through collective self-esteem. These findings suggest that public-stigma internalized to self-stigma which influence attitude toward professional help seeking, and collective self-esteem has larger impact on professional help seeking than individual self-esteem. Limitations and implications are discussed.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the efficacy of the suicide prevention program for Korean military based on the community whole-system approach. The basic program for suicide prevention includes knowledge and attitude to suicide, awareness of warning signs, and, handling methods for suicide whereas the advanced program for officers contains evaluations and reports of the likelihood of committing suicides, behaviors as a leader, and prevention at the system level. The program was implemented in 6 companies, 283 soldiers of the Korean Army. Those participating the prevention programs showed significant improvement in self-evaluation of knowledge, knowledge of suicide, and gatekeeper behaviors in the comparison of those not participating the program. When the two experimental groups, one of them receiving the advanced programs were compared, there was no significant difference in all outcome variables. Finally, the limitations of the current study and the need for a further study are discussed.
Abstract
Self-power program was developed to improve the psychological adaptation of North Korean refugees. Based on the pilot study, three steps were specified and included in developing the self-power program - the group therapy for critical emotion, the sensitivity training for relationship communication, and the potential capability development training - then self-power program was developed through discussion, demonstration and modification by the group of nine experts in psychological counseling and education. The current study verifying the effectiveness of the self-power program which was conducted 46 North Korean refugees in Gayang-dong. The self-Power program significantly improved the self-esteem, self-identity, adaptation flexibility and empowerment of North Korean refugees. Furthermore, the current study was intended to initiate more studies in which more psychological adaptation programs for North Korean refugees are developed and evaluated.
Abstract
The present study examined validity and reliability of the Korean version of Rashid's Positive Psychotherapy Inventory (K-PPTI). For this purpose, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were implemented. Initially, various instruments to measure relevant constructs of PPTI were administered to 244 participants. For cross-validation of K-PPTI, 209 college students were recruited. Results of EFA showed that there were three factors (Pleasant life, Engaged life, Meaningful life) within the K-PPTI. The results of CFA confirmed that the three-factor solution fitted best to K-PPTI. K-PPTI exhibited high level of internal consistency and temporal stability. The current study also demonstrated apThepriate levels of convergent validity, concurrent validity, and incremental validity of K-PPTI. Finally, potential cultural differences in the concept of happy life, the implications and practical use of K-PPTI, and suggestions for future study were discussed.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate K-CPTI for college students. Items were developed based on the three dimensions(i.e., exploration_decision_actualization) of career developmental tasks for college students and the content validity of the items was evaluated. Item analysis and exploratory factor analysis were performed in 422 college students then seven factors with 20 items were selected. To evaluate the both the seven-factors structures and the three higher-order factors structures with seven lower-order factors, confirmatory factor analysis with 516 college students were performed. Item analysis, internal consistency and test-retest reliability analysis were performed. Predictive and concurrent validities were presented. According to the T scores of the 3 higher-order factors(exploration _decision_actualization), K-CPTI classified college students into eight types. The result of analysis between eight types and the related variables confirmed that all variables had significant differences in each type.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale (BPNS) in Mother-child relationships for Korean children given the Self-determination theory (SDT). Literature reviews on the Self-determination and the results of preliminary interview were used to create items. Forty seven candidate items were administered to children in grades 3 and 4. The results of the exploratory factor analysis supported a three-factor structure: autonomy, competence, and relatedness. And the further item analysis resulted in 14 items as the final version. The final 14 items were administered to children in grades 3 through 6. The evidence of the construct validity was obtained from a confirmatory factor analysis, and the convergent validity of the scale was supported by the correlation analysis. The results of regression analysis offered an evidence of criterion-related and discriminant validity. Results are also discussed in terms of the potential utility of the scale.
Abstract
The current study examined the mediation effect of public self-consciousness on the relation between the individuality-relatedness and conflicts in expressing negative emotion as well as gender differences in the relations among them. For this study, 374 college students were recruited from Seoul and Kyong-Gi province. The three measures were employed: (a) individuality - relatedness scale, (b) self-consciousness scale, and (c) ambivalence over emotional expressiveness questionnaire. Individuality influenced directly the ambivalence over negative emotional expressiveness, and indirectly through the public self-consciousness in both gender groups. Whereas the relatedness only influenced indirectly ambivalence over negative emotional expressiveness through the public self-consciousness in the male, relatedness influenced directly ambivalence over negative emotional expressiveness in female group. We also discussed implications for counseling college students having problems of conflicts in expressing negative emotion.
Abstract
The present study was to examine how optimism influences psychological well-being through perceived controllability of adverse events. For this purpose, we investigated whether the mediation effects of stress coping and benefit-finding on the relation between optimism and psychological well-being were conditional on the perceived controllability of adverse events. For those experiencing controllable adversity, active stress coping mediated the relation between optimism and psychological well-being. However, for those experiencing uncontrollable adversity, benefit-finding mediated the relation between optimism and psychological well-being. The noteworthy finding was that mediation variables on the relation between optimism and psychological well-being varied depending on perceived controllability of adversity. Findings of the present study suggest that counseling programs designed to improve adolescents’ adaption to uncontrollable adverse events need to encourage them to find benefit from an experiencing adversity.
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relation between the emotion regulation strategies and the emotion dysregulation as well as and the effects of the emotion regulation strategies on the emotion dysregulation. For this purpose, Emotion Regulation Strategy Questionnaire (ERSQ) and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) were implemented to 214 undergraduate students to measure the emotion regulation strategies and the emotion dysregulation, respectively. Correlational analysis indicated that maladaptive strategies were positively correlated with the emotion dysregulation and distractive strategies and approaching strategies among adaptive strategies were negatively correlated with the emotion dysregulation. Results of multiple regression analysis showed that the emotion regulation strategies accounted for 39% of the variance in the emotion dysregulation. The maladaptive strategies exhibited the highest predictive power for the emotion dysregulation. In addition, among adaptive strategies only approaching strategies were significant predictors of the emotion dysregulation. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Abstract
In this study, we examined the pattern of change in adolescent career maturity and effects of gender, parental attachment, and peer attachment on its growth by using multilevel models. Moderating effects of gender on the relations of career maturity with parental attachment and peer attachment were also scrutinized. Five year longitudinal data of the Korean Youth Panel Survey (KYPS) were employed. Results indicated that career maturity during five years linearly increased and the levels of career maturity at second grade of middle school were affected by gender and parental attachment positively, but by peer attachment negatively. Growth rates of career maturity were influenced by parental attachment negatively but peer attachment positively. However, moderating effects of gender on the growth models of career maturity were not significant. Finally, the implications and limitations of the current study are discussed.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate variables which were related with the improvement of happiness(i.e., subjective well-being) in college student. A sample of 1,200 college students in Seoul and two other districts was recruited. Results using hierarchical regression analyses showed that various personal/psychological variables(e.g., academic motivation, academic achievement, achievement efficacy, career certainty, interpersonal relation, social efficacy, and school satisfaction) were associated with subjective well-being. Self-acceptance and environmental mastery in psychological well-being was also related with subjective well-being. Those variables explained 39.3% of the variances of the subjective well-being. Especially relative importance of self-acceptance was remarkable. Further analysis on self-acceptance exhibited that personal/psychological variables accounted for 46.0% and 41.2% of variances of the self-acceptance in high and low subjective well-being groups. Achievement efficacy was important to self- acceptance in the both high and low subjective well-being groups. Implications of the findings to college counseling and future directions are discussed.
Abstract
This paper examines the effects of the perceived negative parental attitude and masking to internet addiction for highschool-aged adolescents. After surveying 272 adolescents at a highschool in Gyeonggi-do region, following conclusions were made: First, the level of Internet addiction was significantly higher among male students than female students. Second, the relationship between masking and perceived negative parental attitude was significant when the students were asked about their mothers. Third, negative parental attitude of fathers accounted for 14% of internet addiction in stepwise regression analysis to quantify the effect of parental attitude and masking on internet addiction. Negative parental attitude of fathers accounted for 19% of the whole variance when masking was considered. Negative parental attitude of mothers accounted for 11% of internet addiction-it could account for 16% of it when masking was taken into account.