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본 연구에서는 외상사건에 대한 DSM PTSD 진단기준과 학자들의 정의 및 경험적 연구결과를 토대로 외상사건을 정의하고, 우리나라 사람들이 경험하는 외상사건의 종류, 빈도 및 심리적 영향을 실증적으로 확인하고자 하였다. 전국에 거주하는 청소년, 대학생 및 성인을 대상으로 지금까지 살면서 경험한 외상사건을 조사하였고, 968명의 자료를 질적 방법과 양적 방법을 사용하여 분석하였다. 합의적 질적 방법을 적용한 결과 총 46개의 외상사건 범주가 도출되었고, 이중에서 기존의 외상사건질문지에 구체적인 외상사건으로 포함되어 있지 않은 26개의 외상사건이 새롭게 보고되었다(예: ‘학업․업무․취업에서의 실패나 어려움,’ ‘조직․집단에서 체면 손상, 수치심 경험’). 응답자의 71.9%가 한 개 이상의 외상사건을 경험한 것으로 나타났고, 남성과 여성 모두 ‘교통사고’, ‘사랑하는 사람의 갑작스러운 죽음’을 가장 많이 보고하였다. 10-20대는 ‘(가족 이외에서 경험한)관계실패, 심각한 거절 또는 목격’을, 특수집단은 ‘시체, 절단된 신체 목격’을 상대적으로 많이 보고하였다. 외상후스트레스 수준이 상대적으로 높은 집단(잠재적 PDSD집단)은 관계 실패 뿐 아니라 성폭력 등 대인 간 폭력을 많이 경험한 것으로 보고하였고, 남성보다는 여성이 잠재적 PTSD집단에 포함된 비율이 상대적으로 더 높았다. 주요 연구결과를 토대로 상담실제 및 후속연구에 대한 시사점을 논하였다.
The primary purpose of this study was to empirically examine the types and prevalence rates of traumatic events in a nationwide sample of South Koreans (N = 968). In doing so, online and offline surveys were employed. We also investigated the types of events which could lead to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Consensual qualitative research (CQR) methods identified a total of 46 discrete traumatic events, including 26 new ones (e.g., failure or hardship in schoolwork, business and employment, losing face in a group) which were not revealed in previous research. Most respondents (72%) reported having experienced a traumatic event in their lifetime, the most common event reported being traffic accident. Women reported more traumatic events and were more likely to meet criteria for PTSD than did men. Lifetime exposure to relationship failures as well as assaultive violence including sexual assault were associated with higher posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Implications for counseling practice and research are discussed.
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