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본 연구에서는 인간의 행복증진을 목적으로 지금까지 서양에서 개발되고 효과가 검증된 다양한 행복증진 활동들이 행복과 안녕감을 증진시키는 효과의 개인차에 영향을 미치는 성격 5요인의 역할을 탐색하였다. 이때 행복증진을 위한 활동들을 개인주의적 요소들(개인-초점적 요소들)과 집단주의적 요소들(관계-초점적 요소들)로 나누어 두 부류의 요소들을 서로 다른 두 순서로 배치하여 결과를 탐색하였다. 이를 위해 서울 및 경기 소재 중년 여성들 55명을 대상으로 두 조건(개인-초점적 활동들을 먼저 실시한 조건, 관계-초점적 활동들을 먼저 실시한 조건)으로 나누어 행복증진 프로그램을 실시하였다. 사전, 중간, 사후 세 시점의 측정치를 이용하여 최종적으로 48명의 자료를 분석하였고 자료 분석을 위해서는 위계적 선형 모형 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 개인-초점적 활동들을 먼저 실시한 조건의 경우에만, 심리적 안녕감으로 측정한 성과측정치에서는 신경증이 높은 개인들의 경우에, 그리고 삶의 만족도로 측정한 성과측정치에서는 외향성이 높은 개인들의 경우에 이들 성격적 변인들의 점수가 낮은 개인들보다 변화율이 좀 더 빠른 속도로 진보됨을 확인하였다. 마지막으로, 본 연구의 제한점, 그리고 본 연구의 의의와 추후 연구를 위한 제안들이 논의되었다.
This study investigated the association between initial scores and change rates of happiness-related outcome measures and the association between dimensional personality traits from the Five-Factor Model and individual differences of change rates in outcome measures which were induced by the intervention program. 55 Korean middle-aged women were randomly allocated into one of two treatment conditions: (a) condition A in which consisted of the first 5 sessions of individual-focused activities and the last 5 sessions of relationship-focused activities, (b) condition B in which the orders of program were reversed. Finally, data from 48 participants were analyzed by hierarchical linear model. Outcomes showed that only for the SWLS in condition B, the higher the initial score was, the faster the score of each measure increased as sessions progressed. Findings also indicated that only in Condition A, participants showing greater neuroticism and greater extraversion improved significantly more rapidly across time.
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