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본 연구는 지역사회 노인을 대상으로 우울 증상 프로파일을 탐색하고, 이에 따른 신체 증상 및 삶의 질의 차이를 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 부산 및 경남 지역 노인 219명을 대상으로 역학연구센터 우울척도(CES-D), Patient Health Questionnaire-15, 그리고 세계보건기구 삶의 질 간편형 척도를 포함한 설문을 실시하였다. 임상적으로 유의한 수준의 우울 증상을 보인 52명의 우울집단(CES-D≥21)을 대상으로 CES-D의 하위요인(부정정서, 긍정정서 부재, 신체․행동둔화, 부정적 대인관계 사고)을 투입한 잠재 프로파일 분석 결과, 우울집단 1(‘부정적 대인관계 사고 없음’), 우울집단 2(‘부정적 대인관계 사고 경미’), 우울집단 3(‘신체․행동둔화/부정적 대인관계 사고 심각’)의 세 집단이 유형화 되었다. 우울 하위집단 간 신체 증상 차이 검증 결과, 우울집단 2, 3이 우울집단 1에 비해 신체 증상의 호소가 많았다. 또한 우울집단 3이 우울집단 1 비해 사회관계 삶의 질이 낮았다. 본 연구의 결과는 부정적 대인관계 사고 증상이 노인 우울 증상 프로파일을 변별하는 주요 특징이며, 주 호소 우울 세부 증상양상에 따라 각기 다른 영역의 삶의 질이 영향을 받을 가능성을 시사한다. 이에 개인의 우울 세부 증상양상을 고려한 맞춤형 심리치료의 필요성을 시사한다.
This study investigated depressive symptom profiles and their association with physical symptoms and quality of life (QOL) among community-dwelling older adults. Participants (N=219) residing in Busan and Gyeongsangnam-do completed a survey including the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Patient Health Questionnaire-15, and the World Health Organization QOL assessment instrument-BREF. A latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted with 52 participants who showed clinical levels of depression (CES-D≥21). The LPA identified three latent profiles: Depressive group 1, ‘no negative interpersonal thoughts,’ depressive group 2, ‘mild negative interpersonal thoughts,’ and depressive group 3, ‘severe somatic and retarded activity/negative interpersonal thoughts.’ Depressive groups 2 and 3 reported greater physical symptoms than depressive group 1. Depressive group 3 reported fewer social relationships than depressive group 1. These results suggest that negative interpersonal thoughts are the primary distinguishing symptom of depressive symptom profiles, and that these profiles affect domains of QOL differently, warranting tailored psychotherapeutic interventions.
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