ISSN : 1229-0688
Vol.30 No.4
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to present effective counseling approaches for clients who are suffering from dating violence. For this purpose, interviews were conducted with six women who experienced dating violence and counseling. The collected data were analyzed using a phenomenological approach. As a result, the counseling experience of the victims was categorized into 38 sub categories and 9 essential categories. Study participants were counseled who endorsed an-‘urgency to ask for help’, ‘a sense of justice against violence’, and feeling ‘uncomfortable about counseling’. Counseling techniques focused on problem recognition, understanding of the present and the future, dissolution of the defense system and struggle with resistance. Experience of “the circulation of negative complex sentiments”, gradually experienced “decrease of guilt feeling”, “increase of courage”, and “extension of solidarity”. Results include both client and the counselor perspectives. Implications for counseling represented.
Abstract
This study explored Korean and U.S. group counselors’ views on important ethical factors in relation to years of counseling experience and ethical awareness. A total of 228 group counselors (Korea: 122, U.S.: 106) completed the Group Counselor Ethical Inventory (GCEI) to assess prevailing beliefs about important factors pertaining to group counseling ethics. Findings indicated that there were significant differences in counselors’ perceptions concerning the importance for Ethics of Member Rights’ Protection and Education, Ethics of Group Counselor Expertise and Responsibility, and Ethics of Group-Counseling Composition and Process among novice, intermediate and expert group counselors in both Korea and the U.S. U.S. group counselors rated overall ethical factors as more important than did Korean group counselors, with the exception of Confidentiality, Group Participation, and Group Counselor Responsibility and Expertise. Findings from this study are reviewed from educational and cultural perspectives and implications for group counseling practice are discussed.
Abstract
The growing need for psychological counseling has increased the number of counselors, but quality standards have been largely neglected. As most ethical principles for counseling psychologists in Korea are based on legal regulations, these ethical principles and codes of conduct were explored from a legal perspective. First, the training models and general ethical principles of counseling psychologists from the Korean Counseling Psychological Association (KCP) were compared with principles from other Korean associations and other countries. Then, related laws were explored to identify insufficiencies in the KCP’s ethical principles and code of conduct. These related laws concerned practitioner ethics and scientist ethics. For practitioner ethics, the code of conduct related to the special act on sexual violence and privacy laws was examined. For scientist ethics, the code of conduct related to the bioethics and research ethics laws was reviewed. Finally, future directions for developing ethical principles are discussed.
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of mindfulness meditation therapy on depression, rumination, attention control, and decentering in college students. For this purpose, 21 students who endorsed depressive rumination symptoms were recruited from a university in Seoul. Participants were assigned to the treatment or control group based on intention to participate in the program. The treatment group received four sessions of mindfulness meditation therapy, including two sessions on concentration meditation followed by two sessions on mindfulness meditation practice. Measures were collected pre-, mid-, and post-treatment. Results indicated that depression and rumination scores were mitigated in the treatment group only. The treatment group showed significant improvement in attention control during the pre-mid interval, as well as significant improvement in decentering and rumination during the mid-post interval. The observed effects in depression, rumination, and attention control in the treatment group persisted at one-month follow-up. Implications for treatment and future research are discussed.
Abstract
The present study developed and evaluated an online intervention program that aimed to help Korean female students recognize prevalence and negative effects of benevolent sexism and to overcome the accompanying psychological distress. A three-session online intervention emphasizing awareness-raising and empowerment (experimental group), which was developed based on experiential learning theory and feminist therapy, was tested against another three-session online intervention consisting of awareness-raising only (comparison group). The results showed that benevolent sexism decreased in both groups (experimental: n=20, comparison: n=18), while only the experimental group showed significant changes across multiple elements (self-nurturance, self-confidence, the femininity acceptance). Neither group showed changes in career-aspiration and depression after the intervention, nor in collective action intention in the follow-up test. The implications and future direction are discussed.
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to develop and validate the counselor self-evaluation career counseling conceptualization scale. In this study, we conducted an exploratory causal analysis on 265 counselors in order to develop the questionnaire and explore the substrate of the scales. Probing factor analysis resulted in four factors: understanding the characteristics of the client (9 items), exploring parent and family factors (6 items), identifying job information and experiences (5 items), and setting counseling goals and interventions (6 items). In order to ensure that the derived sub-factors and questions adequately explained the counselor's data, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted and convergent and concurrent validities were assessed. Results indicated that the reliability and validity of the scales were appropriate. Based on the results of this study, we discuss the implications for the use of these self-assessments measures in career counseling cases.
Abstract
Differences in psychological functioning associated with a traumatic event were examined via structural equation modeling based on two criteria: 1) whether the traumatic event meets DSM criteria (i.e., criterion vs. non-criterion), and 2) types of exposure to a traumatic event (direct vs. indirect). 828 adults participated, and focus was given to four psychological functionings: hyperarousal, psychological distress, emotional regulation difficulties, and life satisfaction. Results indicate that direct traumatic experience shows greater relevance to higher level hyperarousal, psychological distress, emotional regulation difficulties, and lower life satisfaction both in criterion and non-criterion groups. However, when associated with DSM diagnosis, the impact of direct exposure was not clear in terms of life satisfaction. For example, no difference in life satisfaction was identified between criterion direct exposure and non-criterion indirect exposure, while non-criterion direct exposure still showed lower life satisfaction as compared to non-criterion indirect exposure. Implication and future research direction were further discussed.
Abstract
Creativity is perceived as a core competency to adapt in the fourth Industrial Revolution. Numerous on- going researches seek its improvement, but everyday creativity is excluded from them. Based on the conducted precedent researches, mindfulness, learning flow, and self-determination motivation are selected as variables and analyzed for their correlations that influence everyday creativity. Mindfulness and learning flow are selected to verify the mediation effects in the relationship between self-determination motivation and the everyday creativity. This research analyzed the results of current 170 public high school students. As a result, there is a mediation effect on each mindfulness and learning flow in correlation of self-determination motivation and everyday creativity. Also, it confirms that there is a double mediation effect going from learning flow reaching out to mindfulness in the relation between self-determination motivation and everyday creativity. Its significance and the limitation of this experiment are proposed for the further discussion of studies.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the dual mediating effects of cognitive emotional regulation and self-silencing on the relationship between rejection sensitivity and romantic relationship satisfaction in college students. This study conducted an online questionnaire survey with 440 and analyzed data from 347 college students, after excluding 93 participants who have never been in a relationship. Analysis showed a mediating effect of maladaptive cognitive emotional regulation and self-silencing on the relationship between rejection sensitivity and romantic relationship satisfaction, whereas adaptive cognitive emotional control showed no mediating effect. In addition, the relationship between rejection sensitivity and romantic relationship satisfaction showed dual mediation effects of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation and self-silencing. This study expanded existing research on rejection sensitivity and romantic relationship satisfaction by demonstrating evidence for the process in which the cognitive and behavioral characteristics of individuals with rejection sensitivity affects romantic relationship satisfaction.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of fear of compassion and emotional regulation in the relationship between adult attachment and interpersonal relationships. For this, an online survey targeting 400 adults in their 20s to 50s living in Korea was conducted, and data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. First, the direct effect of the paths from adult attachment (attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance) to fear of compassion (fear of compassion toward others, fear of compassion from others, fear of self-compassion) was statistically significant. Second, the double mediating effect of fear of compassion and emotional cutoff between adult attachment and interpersonal relationships was statistically significant, while the mediating effect of emotional reactivity was not. Third, attachment anxiety partly mediated fear of self-attachment and influenced interpersonal relationships, and attachment avoidance fully mediated the relationship between fear of self-attachment and interpersonal relationships.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine how emotional clarity and distress tolerance affect the relationship between mentalization and experiential avoidance. For this purpose, 445 adults were asked to complete questionnaires and the data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0. First, correlation analysis indicated that mentalization, emotional clarity, and distress tolerance were positively correlated. Second, mediation analysis showed that the relationship between mentalization and experiential avoidance was partially mediated by distress tolerance. Third, hierarchical regression analysis showed that emotional clarity mediated the effect of mentalization on distress tolerance. Emotional clarity also mediated the relationship between mentalization on experiential avoidance distress tolerance. Implications for counseling practice and future research are discussed.
Abstract
This study examined the role of basic psychological needs satisfaction and fear of missing out (FOMO) in the relationship between adult attachment (i.e., anxiety, avoidance) and Social Networking Service (SNS) addiction proneness. A total of 322 undergraduate SNS users participated. Results indicated that the final model had a good fit and explained 43% of the variance in the SNS addiction proneness. All hypothesized direct paths were significant except those between adult attachment and basic psychological needs satisfaction and the SNS addiction proneness. FOMO fully mediated the relationships between adult attachment and the SNS addiction proneness. The link between attachment anxiety and SNS addiction proneness was fully mediated by basic psychological needs satisfaction and FOMO. These results suggest that basic psychological needs satisfaction had a suppressor effect on the relationship between attachment avoidance and FOMO. Implications for counseling and future research on SNS addiction proneness are discussed.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between adult attachment and planned happenstance skills in college students, and how emotional regulation difficulties and social anxiety mediate this relationship. For this, 270 college students were asked to complete questionnaires measuring insecure adult attachment, emotional regulation difficulty, social anxiety, and planned happenstance skills. Results indicated that, first, insecure adult attachment had a negative effect on planned happenstance skills. Second, emotional regulation difficulty and social anxiety significantly mediated the negative relationship between insecure attachment and planned happenstance skills. Third, it was found that the negative relationship between insecure attachment and planned happenstance skills was fully serially mediated through emotional regulation difficulty and social anxiety, and further, the indirect effect was significant. Based on these results, implications for counseling practice and future research are discussed.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating effect of mother and father attachment on the relationships among school adjustment, anxiety, and depression in adolescents. A total of 334 high school students participated in this study. Ping's two-step method was used to analyze the data. Results showed that school adjustment was positively correlated with both mother attachment and father attachment, while school adjustment was negatively correlated with both depression and anxiety. Further, mother attachment significantly moderated the relationship between school adjustment and depression as well as the relationship between school adjustment and anxiety, while father attachment showed a moderating effect solely on the relationship between school adjustment and anxiety. There was a main effect of parental attachment such that students who had higher attachment to both mother and father showed lower depression and anxiety scores. Study limitations and suggestions for further research are discussed.
Abstract
This study focused on the mediating effects of ambivalence over emotional expressiveness on the relationship between self-differentiation and marital satisfaction. A survey was conducted on 245 couples, and data were analyzed with the APIMeM. The results showed that, first, all spouses showed a significant actor effect in the mediation path. Second, husbands’ marriage satisfaction was influenced by their own self-differentiation, while wives’ marriage satisfaction was influenced by self-differentiation of their spouses. Third, the actor effect between self-differentiation and marital satisfaction of all spouses was partially mediated by ambivalence over emotional expressiveness. The relationship between wives’ self-differentiation and husbands’ marital satisfaction was completely mediated by husbands’ ambivalence over emotional expressiveness. Importantly, this suggests that self-defensive ambivalence reduces marital satisfaction. Implications for clinical practice and suggestions for future research are discussed.