ISSN : 1229-0688
최근 우리나라의 상담심리학 분야에서도 다문화주의가 확산되고 있다. 상담자들은 다양한 소수집단의 다문화적 특성에 효과적으로 반응하여야 하며, 다문화적 지식과 기술을 연마함으로써 이들을 위한 상담역량을 키워야 한다는 의식이 성장하고 있다. 장애나 중증질환1)은 전통적으로 의학적 모델로 정의되었기 때문에 이러한 다문화주의의 흐름에서 상대적으로 소외되어져 왔다. 장애나 중증질환을 가지고 살아가는 삶에는 낙인과 편견, 차별이 있고 이들은 사회참여의 제한과 이중적 태도의 문제를 경험한다. 이는 다른 다문화적 소수집단이 겪어온 바와 다르지 않기 때문에 이들을 다문화적 소수집단으로 보아야 한다는 의견이 다수 제안된 바 있다. 본문에서는 장애나 중증질환을 가지고 있는 사람들의 정신건강적 요구에 효과적으로 반응하기 위한 방편으로써, 개념적 모델과 실무개입전략에 대해 논의하였다. 개념적 모델에서는 장애나 중증질환이 의학적 모델에서 사회적 모델과 문화적 모델로 변화된 과정을 살펴봄으로써 이들을 어떤 관점에서 이해해야 할 것인지에 대한 조망을 확보하고자 하였다. 이러한 새로운 조망에 기반한 상담실무 개입전략들은 이들에게 상담을 제공할 때 보다 근거기반적이고 효과적인 상담역량으로 기능할 수 있을 것이다.
Multiculturalism is currently a topic of interest in counseling psychology in South Korea. However, disabilities and chronic illnesses have been relatively marginalized, having traditionally been addressed within the medical model. The literature suggests that they should be regarded as multicultural minorities, since marginalization and the need for special considerations are no different from what other multicultural minorities have experienced. In this study, conceptual models and practical intervention strategies are presented as a way to effectively respond to the mental health needs of people with disabilities and chronic illnesses that should be considered when undertaking the process of moving from the medical model to social and cultural models. With the guidance of the conceptual models, evidence-based practical interventions can assist the field in improving multicultural counseling competencies for those serving clients with disabilities or chronic illnesses.
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