Abstract

The purpose of study investigated systematically the client resistance phenomenon and the effects of counselor interventions on the client resistance. Three studies were performed to achieve these purposes. Study 1 examined the psychometric properties of the Resistance Rating Sclae(RRS). RRS was composed of 5 items, of which revised 10 items of Cho's CRRS(1997). The results indicated that (a) the RRS items were high reliable with 3 raters (ICC = .92 ~ .81), (b) and consisted of two factors, direct resistance and indirect resistance. Thus study 1 suggested that the RRS has properly reliability and validity. Study 2 investigated the change patterns of client resistance that showed in continuing and dropout cases and the relationship of the change pattern of resistance and session outcome measures. The results indicated that (a) as the sessions progressed, the resistance level of continuing cases was decreased significantly and resistance level of dropout cases was increased on adjacent session of dropout, particularly increasing of indirect resistance. (b) And the increase of resistance level was related with the decrease of session outcome measures. Thus, it was concluded that the increase of indirect resistance level might result in dropout of the counseling and work as signal that followed negative outcome of counseling. Finally, Study 3 examined the impact on that counselor's intervention to resistance which may influence resistance reduction and counseling continuing. The resulted indicated that the counselor's intervention to resistance than no intervention to resistance could more reduce resistance. Also, the counselors of continuing case than counselors of dropout case more frequently addressed resistance Thus, it is concluded that the counselor's intervention to resistance influence on counseling continuing and resistance reduction. The findings of four empirical studies in this thesis consistently showed that the client's high resistance is a phenomenon that should resolve to counseling continuing and outcome, and the counselor's intervention to resistance may be important factors to help resolving client resistance.