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본 연구에서는 자살 관련 국내 선행연구들이 변인으로 채택하지 않았던 심리적 극통(psychache)을 자살사고의 예측변인으로 설정하고 그 영향력을 확인하였다. 이 때 선행연구를 통해 자살의 위험요인으로 밝혀진 변인들(부적응적 완벽주의, 무망, 우울)과 자살사고의 관계를 심리적 극통이 매개하는 모형을 설정하고 모형의 적합도 및 변인들의 직간접효과를 검증하였다. 이를 위해 대학생(N = 417)을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였고, 구조방정식모형을 적용하여 자료를 분석하였다. 우선, 심리적 극통이 포함된 모형은 그렇지 않은 모형에 비해 자살사고의 변량을 2% 더 설명하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 자살사고에 대한 무망, 우울, 심리적 극통의 직접효과는 통계적으로 유의하였으며, 심리적 극통의 직접효과가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 무망과 우울, 심리적 극통은 부적응적 완벽주의와 자살사고의 관계를 완전매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 자살사고에 대한 무망의 직간접효과는 모두 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 자살사고에 대한 우울의 직접효과는 유의미하였고, 우울은 심리적 극통을 매개로 자살사고에 간접적으로도 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 자살 관련 연구 및 상담실제에 대한 시사점과 후속연구에 대한 제언을 논하였다.
Psychache (i.e., unbearable psychological pain) has been hypothesized to be directly associated with suicide and mediate the effects of other relevant psychological factors. The present study tested the hypothesis by investigating whether psychache uniquely explains the variance of suicidal ideation and mediates its relation with other risk factors (i.e., maladaptive perfectionism, hopelessness, and depression). Structural equation modeling with data from 417 undergraduate students showed that psychache uniquely explained the variance of suicidal ideation and exhibited greater direct effects on suicidal ideation than did the other risk factors. Results also indicated that the link between maladaptive perfectionism and suicidal ideation was fully mediated by hopelessness, depression, and psychache. The link between hopelessness and suicidal ideation was partially mediated by depression and psychache. Finally, relation between depression and suicidal ideation was partially mediated by psychache.
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