open access
메뉴
open access
메뉴
이 연구는 파괴적 행동문제를 보이는 한국의 학령전기 아동과 그 부모들을 대상으로 실시한 집단 부모-아동 상호작용 치료(Parent-Child Interaction Therapy)의 효과를 검증하였다. 이를 위해 만 3∼7세 350명의 부모에게 ECBI(Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory)를 실시하여 상위 10%의 점수에 해당하는 아동 중 DSM-IV의 반항성 장애의 진단 기준에서 4개 이상의 항목에 해당되는 어머니와 자녀 24쌍을 최종 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 무선 할당된 실험집단에는 12주 집단 PCIT 프로그램을 실시하였고 대기 통제 집단에는 아무런 처치도 하지 않았다. 치료의 효과를 평가하기 위해서, 어머니의 양육 스트레스, 우울 및 자녀의 행동문제에 대한 설문지를 실시하였고 어머니와 자녀가 상호작용하는 장면을 일방경을 통해 관찰하였다. 그 결과 PCIT에 참여한 어머니들은 자녀의 행동문제와 자신의 양육스트레스가 유의하게 감소한 것으로 보고하였고 치료 전보다 치료 후에 긍정적인 상호작용은 증가하고 부정적인 상호작용은 감소하였다. 이 연구는 국내에서 최초로 파괴적인 행동문제가 있는 아동과 그 부모를 대상으로 집단 PCIT의 효과를 검증함으로써 PCIT 효과검증에 관한 경험적인 연구의 토대를 마련하였다는 점에서 주요한 의의를 지닌다.
The present study examined the effectiveness of parent child interaction therapy(PCIT) for preschool children with disruptive behavioral problems and their mothers. While the experimental group received the 12-week group PCIT program, the waitlist control group did not receive any treatment for the same period. Major findings were as follows: First, after receiving the group PCIT program, the level of children's behavioral problems decreased in the experimental group. Second, the levels of mothers' parenting stress and mothers' depression decreased. Third, the frequency of positive interactions increased and the frequency of negative interactions decreased. Fourth, mothers in the experimental group reported a high levels of satisfaction with the treatment. Current study was the first empirical research that evaluated the effectiveness of the group PCIT program
두정일. (2010). 파괴적 행동문제가 있는 아동과부모를 대상으로 실시한 집단 부모-아동 상호작용 치료 프로그램 효과 검증. 한양대학교 대학원 박사학위논문.
서울특별시 교육청 산하 학교보건진흥원. 서울시 소아청소년 정신장애 조사, 학교보건연보, 2005.
서혜영 (1992). 장애아 어머니의 적응과 사회적지원에 관한 연구. 연세대학교 대학원 석사학위논문.
이경숙. (1991). PCIT 프로그램. 특수아동상담연구, 2, 70-77.
이영호, 송종용 (1991). BDI, SDS, MMPI-D 척도의 신뢰도 및 타당도에 대한 연구. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 10, 98-113.
이정숙, 두정일 (2008). 부모-자녀 상호작용 치료에 대한 고찰. 한국놀이치료학회, 11(2),1-16.
Abidin, R. R. (1990). Parenting stress index(PSI). Charlotterville: Pediatric Psychology Press.
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision. Washington, DC: APA.
Bagner, D. M., Fernandez, M. A., & Eyberg, S. M. (2004). Parent-child interaction therapy and chronic illness: A case study. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 11(1), 1-6.
Baumrind, D. (1967). Child Care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behavior. Genetic Psychology Monogrphs, 75(1), 43-88.
Beck, A. T. (1967). Depression: Clinical, experimental and theoretical aspects, New York: Haper & Row.
Borrego, J., Anhalt, K., Terao, S. Y., Vargas, E. C., & Urquiza, A. J. (2006). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy with a Spanish-speaking family. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 13(2), 121-133.
Brestan, E. V., Jacobs, J. R., Rayfield, A. D., & Eyberg, S. M. (1999). A consumer satisfaction measure for Parent-Child treatments and its relation to measures of child behavior change. Behavior Therapy, 30(1), 17-30.
Brinkmeyer M. Y., & Eyberg, S. M. (2003). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for Oppositional Children. In A. E. Kazdin & J. R. Weisz (Eds.), Evidence-based Psychotherapies for Children and adolescents(pp.204-223). New York: Guilford.
Butler, A. M., & Eyberg, S. M. (2006). Parent-child interaction therapy and ethnic minority children. Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies, 1(3): 246-255.
Campbell, S. B. (1991). Behavior problems in preschool children: Clinical and developmental issues. New York: Guilford Press.
Campbell, S. B., Ewing, L. J. (1990). Follow-up of hard to manage preschoolers: adjustment at age 9 and predictors of continuing symptoms. J Child Psycho Psychiatry Allied Disciplines, 31(6), 891-909.
Choate, M. L., Pincus, D. B., Eyberg, S. M., & Barlow, D. H. (2005). Parent Child Interaction Therapy for treatment of Separation Anxiety Disorder in young children: A pilot study. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 12(1), 126-135.
Cunningham, C. E., Pettingill, P., Boyle, M. (2002). Interviewers Manual, Canadian Centre for Study of Children at Risk, Hamilton health Sciences.
Eyberg S. M. (1979). A parent-child interaction model for he treatment of psychological disorders in young children. Paper presented at the meeting of the Western Psychological Association; April 1979; San Diego, CA.
Eyberg, S. M. (1993). Consumer satisfaction measures for assessing parent training programs. In L. Van de Creek, S. Knapp, & T. L. Jackson (Eds.), Innovations in clinical practice: A source book (Vol. 12) (pp.377-382). Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Press.
Eyberg, S. M. (2005). Tailoring and Adapting Parent-Child Interaction Therapy to New Populations. Education and Treatment of Children, 28(2), 197-201.
Eyberg, S. M., & Pincus, D. (1999). Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory and Sutter-Eyberg Student Behavior Inventory-Revised: Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.
Eyberg, S. M., Boggs, S. R., & Algina, J. (1995). Parent-child interaction therapy: A psychosocial model for the treatment of young children with conduct problem behavior and their families. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 31(1), 83- 91.
Eyberg, S. M., Boggs, S. R., & Rodriguez, C. M. (1992). Relationships between maternal parenting stress and Child disruptive behavior. Child and Family Behavior Therapy. 14(4): 1-9.
Eyberg, S. M., Nelson, M. M., Duke, M., & Boggs, S. R. (2004). Manual for the Dyadic Parent-Child Interaction Coding System(3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Foote, R., Eyberg, E., & Schuhmann, E. (1998). Parent-child interaction approaches to the treatment of child behavior problems. In T. H. Ollendick & R. J. Prinz (Eds.), Advances in Clinical Child Psychology. (Vol. 20, pp.125-151). New York: Plenum Press.
Gat, T. (2007). Effectiveness of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy Administered in Spanish to Spanish- Speaking Latino Clients. Master Thesis, California State University, Long Beach.
Griest, D., Wells, K. C., & Forehand, R. (1979). An examination of predictors of maternal perceptions of maladjustment in clinic referred children. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 88(3), 277-281.
Hanf, C. A. (1969). A two-stage program for modifying maternal controlling during mother-child (M-C) interaction. Paper presented at the meeting of the Western Psychological Association, Vancouver.
Hembree-Kigin, T., & McNeil, C. B. (1995). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishing.
Lavigne, J. V., Binns, H. J., Arend, R., Rosenbaum, D., Cristoffel, K. K., Hayford, J. R., & Gibbons, R. D. (1998). Psychopathology and health care use among pre-school children: A retrospective analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37(3), 262-270.
Leung, C., Tsang, S., & Heung, K. (2009). Effectiveness of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy(PCIT) Among Chinese Families. Research on Social Work Practice, 19(3), 304- 313.
Loeber, R. (1982). The Stability of Antisocial and Delinquent Child Behavior: A Review. Child Development, 53(6), 1431-1446.
Loeber, R. (1990). Developmental and risk factors of juvenile antisocial behavior and delinquency. Clinical Psychology Review, 10(1), 1-41.
Loeber, R., & Dishion, T. J. (1983). Early predictors of male delinquency: A review. Psychological Bulletin 94(11): 68-99.
Loeber, R., Burke, J. D., Lahey, B. B., Winters, A., & Zera, M. (2000). Oppositional and defiant disorder: A review of the past 10 years, part I. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39(12), 1468- 1484.
Loeber, R., Burke, J., & Pardini, D. A. (2009). Perspectives on oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and psychopathic features. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50(1-2), 133-142
Loeber, R., Keenan, K., & Zang, Q. (1997). Boys' experimentation and persistence in developmental pathways toward serious delinquency. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 6(3), 321-357.
Lynskey, M. T. & Fergusson, D. M. (1995). Childhood conduct problems, attention defiant behaviors, and adolescent alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 23(3), 281-302.
Matos, M., Bauermeister, J. J., & Bernal, G. (2009). Parent Child Interaction Therapy for Puerto Rican Preschool Children with ADHD and Behavior Problems: A Pilot Efficacy Study. Family Process, 48(2), 232-252.
McCabe, K. M., & Yeu, M.(2009). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for Mexican Americans: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 38(5), 753-759.
McMahon, R. J., & Estes, A. M. (1997). Conduct problems. In E. J. Mash & L. G. Terdal (Eds.), Assessment of childhood disorders(3rd ed., pp.130-193). New York: Guildford Press.
McNeil, C., Capage, L., Bahl, A., & Blanc, H. (1999). Importance of early intervention for disruptive behavior problems: Comparison, of treatment and waitlist control groups. Early Education and Development, 10(4), 445-454.
Mcrae, R. E. (2003). The treatment of child neglect through a comprehensive service strategy including home-based therapy, play therapy, parent education, and parent-child interaction therapy. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences & Engineering, 63, 3930.
Neary E. M., & Eyberg, S. M. (2002). Management of disruptive behavior in young children. Infants and Young Children, 14(4), 53-67.
Niec, L. N., Hemme, J. M., Yopp, J., & Brestan, E. V. (2005). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: The rewards and challenges of a group format. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 12(1), 113- 125.
Olson, S. L., Bates, J. E., & Bayles, K. (1990). Early antecedents of childhood hyperactivity: The role of parent-child interaction, cognitive competence, and temperament. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 18(3), 317-334.
Patterson, G. R. (1982). Coercive family process. Eugene, OR: Castalia.
Patterson, G. R. Reid, J. B., & Dishion, T. J. (1992). Antisocial Boys, Eugene, OR: Castalia.
Patterson, G. R., DeBaryshe, B. D., & Ramsey, E. (1989). A developmental perspective on antisocial behavior. American Psychologist, 44(2), 329-335.
Peed, S., Roberts, M., & Forehand, R. (1977). Evaluation of the effectiveness of a standardized parent training program in altering the interaction of a standardized parent training program in altering the interaction of mothers and their noncompliant children. Behavior Modification, 1(3), 323-350.
Perez, J. C. (2008). Predictors of patterns of change in child disruptive behavior and parenting stress during parent child interaction therapy and its relation to treatment outcome. Doctoral Dissertation University of Florida.
Phillips, J., Morgan, S., Cawthorne, K., & Barnett, B. (2008). Pilot evaluation of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy delivered in an Australian community early childhood clinic setting. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 42(8), 712-719.
Querido, J. G., Bearss, K., & Eyberg, S. M. (2003). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy. In F. W, Kaslow & T. Patterson(Eds.), Comprehensive handbook of Psychotherapy, Volume Two: Cognitive/ Behavioral/Functional Approaches (pp.91-113). New York: Wiley.
Reid, B. (1993). ‘But we're doing it already!’ Exploring a response to the concept of reflective practice in order to improve its facilitation. Nurse Education Today. 13(4): 4, 305-309.
Ridgeway, L., E. (2007). The Effectiveness of Group Parent-Child Interaction Therapy with Community Families(Doctoral dissertation Auburn University, Alabama).
Ruma, P., Burke, R., & Thompson, R. (1996). Group parent training: Is it effective for children of all ages? Behavior Therapy, 27(2), 159-169.
Sanders, M. R. (1999). Triple p-positive parenting program: Towards an empirically validated multilevel parenting and family support strategy for the prevention of behavior and emotional problems in children. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 2(2), 71-90.
Sansbury, L. L., & Wahler, R. G. (1992). Pathways to maladaptive parenting with mothers and their conduct disordered children. Behavior Modification, 16(4), 574-592.
Schuhmann, E. M., Foote, R., Eyberg, S. M., Boggs, S., & Algina, J. (1998). Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: Interim report of a randomized rial with short-term maintenance. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 27(1), 34- 45.
Strain, P. S., Young, C. C., & Horowitz, J. (1981). Generalized behavior change during oppositional child training: An examination of child and family demographic variables. Behavior Modification, 5(1), 12-26.
Thomas, R., & Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J. (2007). Behavioral Outcomes of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy and Triple P- Positive Program: A Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 35(3), 475-495.
Urquiza A. (1996). Parent-child interaction therapy: An intensive dyadic intervention for physically abusive families. Child Maltreatment Vol. 1(2), 134-144.
Webster-Stratton, C. (1994). Advancing videotape parent training: A comparison study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62(3), 583- 593.
Webster-Stratton, C. (1996b). Early-onset conduct problems: Does gender make a difference? Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(3), 540-551.
