open access
메뉴
open access
메뉴
본 연구에서는 성인애착과 관계진솔성, 관계만족 간 인과적 구조모형을 설정하고, 파트너 간 상호작용을 규명하기 위해 자기-상대방 상호의존모형(Actor-Partner Interdependence Model; Kenny, 1996)을 적용하여 자료를 분석하였다. 제주도를 제외한 전국에 거주하는 성인 남녀커플을 대상으로 온라인 설문조사를 실시하였고, 136쌍의 커플이 연구에 참여하였다. 성인애착과 관계만족 간 관계를 관계진솔성이 매개하는 가설모형의 적합도와 변인들의 직간접효과를 검증한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 여성의 애착회피는 남성의 관계만족에 부적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 남성의 애착불안은 남성 자신의 관계진솔성에 부적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 남성의 애착불안과 여성의 애착불안은 여성의 관계진솔성에 부적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 남성의 애착회피는 여성의 관계진솔성에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 남성의 관계진솔성은 남성과 여성의 관계만족에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 남성의 관계진솔성은 남성 자신의 애착불안과 남성과 여성의 관계만족 간 관계를 완전매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 상담 실제에 대한 시사점과 추후연구를 위한 제언을 논하였다.
The purpose of this study was to examine possible mediating effects of relationship authenticity on the relation between adult attachment and romantic relationship satisfaction, as well as to investigate the actor and partner effects of adult attachment and relationship authenticity on romantic relationship satisfaction. A convenience sample of 136 adult couples were recruited online. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed that women’s attachment avoidance showed negative effects on men’s relationship satisfaction. Also, men’s attachment anxiety exhibited negative effects on both men and women’s relationship authenticity, and women’s attachment anxiety showed negative effects on women’s relationship authenticity. However, men’s attachment avoidance exhibited positive effects on women’s relationship authenticity. Men’s relationship authenticity showed positive effects on both men and women’s relationship satisfaction. Finally, men’s relationship authenticity mediated the relationships between men’s attachment anxiety and men and women’s relationship satisfaction. Implications for counseling practice and suggestions for future research are discussed.
김광은, 이위갑 (2005). 연애관계에서 성인 애착 유형 및 요인에 따른 관계만족. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 17(1), 233- 247.
김성현 (2004). 친밀 관계 경험 검사 개정판 타당화 연구: 확증적 요인분석과 문항 반응 이론을 중심으로. 서울대학교 석사학위논문.
배병렬 (2011). Amos19 구조방정식 모델링 원리와 실제. 서울: 청람출판사.
성태제, 시기자 (2006). 연구방법론. 서울: 학지사.
안하얀, 서영석 (2010). 성인애착, 심리적 디스트레스, 대인관계문제: 피드백에 대한 반응, 정서적 대처, 사회적 지지 추구의 매개효과 검증. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 22(3), 575-603.
이경성 (2004). 친밀한 이성관계에서 성격이 관계만족 및 개입에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 여성, 9(3), 131-150.
이수연 (2010). 대학생의 행복 척도 개발 및 구인타당도 검증. 한국심리학회지: 학교, 7(2), 107-122.
장수지 (2011). 문화와 성역할정체감: 한국, 중국, 일본, 미국 간 비교문화 연구. 한국심리학회지: 사회 및 성격, 25(3), 31-45.
조혜자, 방희정 (2005). 결혼과 출산기피의 한 이유: 여성의 관계역할. 한국심리학회지: 여성, 10(1), 95-112.
최상진, 김시업, 김은미, 김기범 (2000). 한국여성들의 사회규범적 양식에 대한 조망: 집단 고양 편향과 겸손행위에 대한 분석. 한국심리학회지: 여성, 5(2), 103-115.
홍세희 (2009). 홍세희교수의 고급연구방법론 워크샵 시리즈 6: Program1-3구조방정식 모형. 서울: S&M 리서치 그룹.
Acevedo, B. P., & Aron, A. (2009). Does a long-term relationship kill romantic love? Review of General Psychology, 13, 59-65.
Adams, W. W. (2006). Love, open awareness, and authenticity: A conversation with William Blake and D. W. Winnicott. Journal of Humanistic psychology, 46, 9-35.
Allemand, M., Amberg, I., Zimprich, D., & Fincham, F. D. (2007). The role of trait forgiveness and relationship satisfaction in episodic forgiveness. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 26(2), 199-217.
Arbuckle, J. L. (2009). Amos 18 user’s guide. Crawfordville, FL: Amos Development Corporation.
Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 226-244.
Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bullentin, 107(2), 238-246.
Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bullentin, 88(3), 588-606.
Berscheid, E. (1999). The greening of relationship science. American Psychology, 54, 260-266.
Bleiberg, E. (1984). Narcissistic disorders in children. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 48, 501-517.
Bowlby J. (1969). Attachment. Attachment and loss (vol. 1). New York: Basic Books.
Bowlby J. (1973). Separation: Anxiety & anger. Attachment and loss (vol. 2); (International psycho-analytical library no. 95). London: Hogarth Press.
Bowlby J. (1980). Loss: Sadness & depression. Attachment and loss (vol. 3); (International psycho-analytical library no. 109). London: Hogarth Press.
Bradbury, T. N., & Karney, B. R. (2004). Understanding and altering the longitudinal course of marriage. Journal of Marriage and Family, 66, 862-879.
Braithwaite, S. R., Selby, E. A., & Fincham, F. D. (2011). Forgiveness and relationship satisfaction: Mediating mechanisms. Journal of Family Psychology, 25, 551-559.
Brassard, A., Lussier, Y., & Shaver, P. R. (2009). Attachment, conflict, and couple satisfaction: Test of a mediational dyadic model. Family Relations, 58, 634-646.
Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Self-report measurement of adult attachment. In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp.46-76). New York: Guilford Press.
Brennan, K. A., Wu, S., & Loev, J. (1998). Adult romantic attachment and individual differences in attitudes toward physical contact in the context of adult romantic relationships. In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp. 394-428). New York: Guilford.
Brunell, A. B., Kernis, M. H., Goldman, B. M., Heppner, W., Davis, P., Cascio, E. V., & Webster, G. D. (2010). Dispositional authenticity and romantic relationship functioning. Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 900-905.
Butzer, B., & Campbell, L. (2008). Adult attachment, sexual satisfaction, and relationship satisfaction: A study of married couples. Personal Relationships, 15(1), 141-154.
Cassidy, J., & Shaver, P. R. (Eds.). (2008). Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (2nd edition). New York: Guilford Press.
Cole, T. (2001). Lying to the one you love: The use of deception in romantic relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 18, 107-129.
Collins, N. L., & Read, S. J. (1990). Adult attachment, working models and relationship quality in dating couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 644-663.
Cook, W. L., & Snyder, D. K. (2005). Analyzing nonindependent outcomes in couple therapy using the actor-partner interdependence model. Journal of Family Psychology, 19, 133-141.
Daly, K. D., & Mallinckrodt, B. (2009). Experienced therapists' approach to psychotherapy for adults with attachment avoidance or attachment anxiety. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56, 549-563.
Davila, J., Bradbury, T. N., & Fincham, F. (1998), Negative affectivity as a mediator of the association between adult attachment and marital satisfaction. Personal Relationships, 5, 467-484.
Downing, V. L. (2008). Attachment style, relationship satisfaction, intimacy, loneliness, gender role beliefs, and the expression of authentic self in romantic relationships. Doctoral dissertation, The University of Maryland.
Fraley, R. C., & Waller, N. G. (1998). Adult attachment patterns: A test of the typological model. In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp. 77-114). New York: Guilford Press.
Fraley, R. C., Waller, N. G., & Brennan, K. A. (2000). An item response theory analysis of self-report measures of adult attachment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 350-365.
Gallo, L. C., & Smith, T. W. (2001). Attachment style in marriage: Adjustment and responses to interaction. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 18, 263-289.
Gillath, O., Sesko, A., Shaver, P. R., & Chun, D. S. (2010). Attachment, authenticity, and honesty: Dispositional and experimentally induced security can reduce self-and other-deception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98, 841-855.
Gonzaga, G. C., Campos, B., & Bradbury, T. (2007). Similarity, convergence, and relationship satisfaction in dating and married couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 34-48.
Gottman, J. M., & Levenson, R. W. (2000). The timing of divorce: Predicting when a couple will divorce over a 14-year period. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, 737-745.
Harter, S. (2002). Authenticity. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 382-394). New York: Oxford University Press.
Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of personality and Social Psychology, 52, 511-524.
Heidegger, M. (2008). Being and time. (전양범 역). 서울: 동서문화동판주식회사. (원전은 1927년에 출판).
Hendrick, S. (1988). A generic measure of relationship satisfaction. Journal of Marriage and the family, 50, 93-98.
Hendrick, S. S., Dicke, A., & Hendrick, C. (1998). The relationship assesment scale. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 15(1), 137 -142.
Hook, M. K., Gerstein, L. H., Detterich, L., & Gridley, B. (2003). How close are we? Measuring intimacy and examining gender differences. Journal of Counseling & Development, 81(4), 462-472.
Kelly, C., Huston, T. L., & Cate, R. M. (1985). Premarital relationship correlates of the erosion of satisfaction in marriage. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 2, 167-178.
Kenny, D. A. (1996). Models of interdependence in dyadic research. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 13, 279-294.
Kenny, D. A., Kashy, D. A., & Cook, W. (2005). The analysis of dyadic data. New York: Guilford Press.
Knee, C. R. (1998). Implicit theories of relationships: Assessment and prediction of romantic relationship initiation, coping, and longevity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 360-370.
Lopez, F. G., & Brennan, K. A. (2000). Dynamic processes underlying adult attachment organization: Toward and attachment theoretical perspective on the healthy and effective self. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47, 283-300.
Lopez, F. G., & Gormley, B. (2002). Stability and change in adult attachment style over the first-year college transition: Relations to self-confidence, coping, and distress patterns. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 49, 355-361.
Lopez, F. G., & Rice, K. G. (2006). Preliminary development and validation of a measure of relationship authenticity. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, 362-371.
Marrone, M. (2007). Attachment and interaction. London: Jessica Kingsley.
Martens, M. P. (2005). The use of structural equation modeling in counseling psychology research. The Counseling Psychologist, 33, 269-298.
McCornack, S. A., & Levine, T. R. (1990). When lovers become leery: The relationship between suspicion and accuracy in detecting deception, Communication Monographs, 57(3), 219-230.
Meeks, B. S., Hendrick, S. S., & Hendrick, C. (1998). Communication, love, and relationship satisfaction. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 15, 755-773.
Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2003). The attachment behavioral system in adulthood: Activation, psychodynamics, and interpersonal processes. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 35, pp. 53-152). San Diego, CA: Elsevier.
Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2007). Attachment patterns in adulthood: Structure, dynamics, and change. New York: Guilford Press.
Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., Cassidy, J., & Berant, E. (2008). Attachment-related defensive processes. In J. H. Obegi & E. Berant (Eds.), Attachment theory and research in clinical work with adults (pp. 293-327). New York: Guilford Press.
Monteoliva, A., & García-Martínez, J. M. A. (2005). Adult attachment style and its effect on the quality of romantic relationships in Spanish students. Journal of Social Psychology, 145(6), 745-747.
Prager, K. J. (2000). Intimacy in personal relationships. In C. Hendrick & S. S. Hendrick (Eds.), Close relationships: A sourcebook (pp. 229-242). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Reis, H. T., & Shaver, P. R. (1988). Intimacy as an interpersonal process. In S. Duck et al. (Eds.), Handbook of personal relationships: Theory, research, and interventions (pp. 367-389). Chichester, England: Wiley.
Rochlen, A. B., & Mahalik, J. R. (2004). Women's perceptions of male partners' gender role conflict as predictors of psychological well-being and relationship satisfaction. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 5, 147-157.
Rogers, C. (1951). Client-centered therapy: Its current practice, implications, and theory. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Russell, D. W., Kahn, J. H., Spoth, R., & Altmaier, E. M. (1998). Analysing data from experimental studies: A latent variable structural equation modeling approach. Journal of Counselling Psychology, 45, 18-29.
Russel, R. J. H., & Wells, P. A. (1994). Personality and quality of marriage. British Journal of Psychology, 85, 161-168.
Segrin, C., Taylor, M. E., & Altman, J. (2005). Social cognitive mediators and relational outcomes associated with parental divorce. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 22(3), 361-377.
Shaver, P. R., Lavy, S., Saron, C. D., & Mikulincer, M. (2007). Social foundations of the capacity for mindfulness: An attachment perspective. Psychological Inquiry, 18, 264-271.
Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods, 7(4), 422-445.
Simpson, J. A., Ickes, W., & Grich, J. (1999). When accuracy hurts: Reactions of anxious- ambivalent dating partners to a relationship- threatening situation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 754-769.
Sprecher, S., & Hendrick, S. (2004). Self-disclosure in intimate relationships: Associations with individual and relationship characteristics over time. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 23(6), 857-877.
Stackert, R. A., & Bursik, K. (2003). Why am I unsatisfied? Adult attachment style, gendered irrational relationship beliefs, and young adult romantic relationship satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 34(8), 1419-1429.
Steiger, J. M. (1990). Structural model evaluation and modification: An interval estimation approach, Multivariate Behavioral Research, 25(2), 173-180.
Summer, N., & Cozzarelli, C. (2004). The impact of adult attachment on partner and self- attributions and relationship quality. Personal Relationships, 11(3), 355-371.
Vinokur, A. D., Price, R. H., & Caplan, R. D. (1996). Hard times and hurtful partners: How financial strain affects depression and relationship satisfaction of unemployed persons and their spouses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 166-179.
Wallin, D. J. (2007). Attachment in psychotherapy. New York: Guilford Press.
Wei, M., Russell, D. W., Mallinckrodt, B., & Vogel, D. L. (2007). The Experiences in Close Relationships Scale (ECR)-short form: Reliability, validity, and factor structure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 88(2), 187-204.
Wei, M., Russell, D. W., & Zakalik, R. A. (2005). Adult attachment, social self-efficacy, self-disclosure, loneliness, and subsequent depression for freshman college students: A longitudinal study. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(4), 602-614.
Zeifman, D., & Hazan, C. (2008). Pair bonds as attachments: Reevaluating the evidence. In J. Cassidy & P. Shaver (Eds.), Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (2nd ed., pp. 436-455). New York: Guilford Press.
