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On the basis of attachment theory and prior studies, the current study hypothesized that insecure attachment(attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance) would affect interpersonal problems and psychological distress through self-compassion and optimism. A sample of 412 college students was employed. Analyses of structural equation modeling revealed that a comparative model without the direct link between attachment avoidance and self-compassion produced a better fit to the data than did the original one. Results showed that the association between attachment anxiety and interpersonal problems was partially mediated by self-compassion; however, attachment avoidance only directly contributed to interpersonal problems. The association between attachment anxiety and psychological distress was fully mediated by self-compassion. The results also supported the indirect pathways of attachment anxiety to psychological distress through self-compassion and optimism. Optimism fully mediated the link between attachment avoidance and psychological distress. Implications for counseling practice and future research are discussed.
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