본 연구에서는 애착이론과 선행연구들을 토대로 불안전 성인애착(애착불안, 애착회피)이 자기자비와 낙관적 성향을 통해 대인관계문제 및 심리적 디스트레스에 영향을 미치는 인과적 구조모형을 설정하고, 모형의 적합도 및 변인들의 영향력을 살펴보았다. 연구를 위해 서울, 인천, 대전, 충북, 강원도 소재 7개 대학에 재학 중인 대학생 412명으로부터 자료를 수집하였고, Mplus 5.0을 활용하여 모형의 적합도 및 매개효과를 검증하였다. 그 결과, 애착회피에서 자기자비로 가는 직접경로가 제외된 경쟁모형이 자료에 더 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로, 애착불안이 대인관계문제에 미치는 영향은 자기자비가 부분매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 애착회피는 대인관계문제에 직접 영향을 미치는 대신 간접효과는 유의미하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 애착불안이 심리적 디스트레스에 미치는 영향은 자기자비가 완전매개하거나, 자기자비와 낙관적 성향이 순차적으로 완전매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 애착회피가 심리적 디스트레스에 미치는 영향은 낙관적 성향이 완전매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 상담 실제 및 후속연구에 대한 시사점을 논하였다.
On the basis of attachment theory and prior studies, the current study hypothesized that insecure attachment(attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance) would affect interpersonal problems and psychological distress through self-compassion and optimism. A sample of 412 college students was employed. Analyses of structural equation modeling revealed that a comparative model without the direct link between attachment avoidance and self-compassion produced a better fit to the data than did the original one. Results showed that the association between attachment anxiety and interpersonal problems was partially mediated by self-compassion; however, attachment avoidance only directly contributed to interpersonal problems. The association between attachment anxiety and psychological distress was fully mediated by self-compassion. The results also supported the indirect pathways of attachment anxiety to psychological distress through self-compassion and optimism. Optimism fully mediated the link between attachment avoidance and psychological distress. Implications for counseling practice and future research are discussed.
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