open access
메뉴
open access
메뉴
최근 종교성과 정신건강의 다양한 변인들 간의 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있으나, 종교성과 불안의 관계연구는 그 수가 제한되어 있고 결과가 상충되게 보고되어 왔다. 이러한 상황에서도 다면적 차원의 종교성의 한 구인인 종교정향 중 내재적 종교정향은 불안과 부적, 그리고 외재적 종교정향은 불안과 정적관계의 일관된 방향으로 나타났다. 이에 본 연구는 종교성의 핵심이 정서 및 자기조절능력 향상이라는 선행연구를 바탕으로 종교정향과 불안의 관계에서 부정정서와 자기조절의 매개효과를 검증하고자 실시되었다. 이를 위해 20, 30대의 개신교, 불교, 천주교인 138명을 대상으로 설문지를 통해 종교정향(내재적․외재적 종교정향), 자기조절, 불안을 측정하였고, 경험표집법을 통해 부정정서를 하루 두 번씩 7일간 총 14회 측정하였다. 그 결과 내재적 종교정향은 자기조절과 정적상관이, 부정정서, 불안과는 부적상관이 있었던 반면 외재적 종교정향은 부정정서, 불안과 정적상관이 있었다. 종교정향과 불안의 관계에서 부정정서와 자기조절의 순차적 매개효과가 유의했으며, 내재적 종교정향의 경우 낮은 부정정서와 높은 자기조절을 통해 불안 수준이 낮았다. 반면, 외재적 종교정향의 경우 더 빈번한 부정정서를 경험하며 자기조절 수준은 더 낮아 더 높은 수준의 불안을 경험하는 것으로 드러났다. 연구결과에 대한 의의와 상담에서의 함의를 논의에 포함했다.
This study was aimed to examine conflict relation between religiosity and anxiety. Although there were limited studies regarding the association, religious orientation has consistently predicted anxiety levels. Intrinsic and extrinsic religious orientation were negatively and positively linked to anxiety, respectively. In this study, we investigated negative affect and self-regulation as mediators on the relationship between religious orientation and anxiety among 138 participants. Using experience sampling method, negative affect was collected 2 times a day (11am and 8 pm) for a week. In results, the intrinsic religious orientation was negatively related with negative affect and anxiety and positively related with self-regulation. The extrinsic religious orientation was positively related with negative affect and anxiety. Consistent with our hypothesis, negative affect and self-regulation mediated the relation between religious orientation and anxiety. Theoretical and clinical implications of the study are discussed.
강석기, 고수현, 한상훈 (2011). 대학생의 사회불안, 내현적 자기애, 부정적 정서와 우울의 관계에서 내면화된 수치심의 매개효과검증. 교육연구논총, 32(2), 1-27.
보건복지부 (2012). 2011년 정신질환실태 역학조사 결과.
설경옥, 박지은, 박선영 (2012). 종교성과 정신건강과의 관계 메타분석: 국내 학회지 게재논문(1995-2011)을 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 31(3), 617-642.
신건호 (2005). 청소년의 자아개념, 불안, 희망과 낙관성이 종교정향 발달에 미치는 효과. 종교교육학연구, 20, 147-166.
예미숙, 오경자 (2012). 부정적 정서성과 우울 및 불안의 관계: 경험 회피와 인지적재평가의 매개효과 검증. 인지행동치료, 12(1), 77-95.
이기련, 이영호 (1998). 정동성과 스트레스 유형이 우울과 불안의 공통증상과 특정증상에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 17(2), 69-86.
이현희, 김은정, 이민규 (2003). 한국판 정적정서 및 부적 정서 척도. 한국심리학회지:임상, 22(4), 935-946.
제석봉, 이성배 (1996). 외재적-내재적 종교성향과 불안 및 부적응과의 관계. 대구효성가톨릭대학교 연구논문집, 53(1), 121-134.
조영주, 이지연, 장진이 (2011). 신앙을 가진중년여성의 내재적 종교성향이 부정적 정서에 미치는 영향: 용서의 매개효과를 중심으로. 한국기독교상담학회지, 23(2), 203-225.
조혜윤, 손은정 (2008). 종교성향과 불안과의관계에서 종교적 대처와 낙관성의 매개효과. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 20(3), 773-793.
조혜진, 권석만 (2011). 자기조절과 정서가 폭식행동에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 30(4), 963-983.
최인수, 김순옥, 황선진, 이수진 (2003). 경험표집법을 이용한 고등학생들의 생활경험에관한 연구: 주된 활동과, 활동 공간, 및플로우를 중심으로. 대한가정학회지, 41(8), 213-227.
한덕웅, 이창호, 탁진국 (1993). Spielberger의 상태-특성 불안 검사의 표준화. 한국심리학회연차대회 학술발표논문집, 0, 505.
허원무 (2013). 매개효과 분석방법의 최근 트렌드: 부트스트래핑을 이용한 단순, 다중, 이중매개효과 분석방법. 한국비지니스리뷰, 6(3), 43-59.
Allport, G. W., & Ross, J. M. (1967). Personal religious orientation and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 5(4), 432-443.
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM). Washington, DC: American psychiatric association, 143-147.
Baker, M., & Gorsuch, R. (1982). Trait anxiety and intrinsic-extrinsic religiousness. Journal of the Scientific Study of Religion, 21(2), 119-122.
Baumeister, R. F., Bertrams, A., Englert, C., & Dickhauser, O. (2013). Role of self-control strength in the Relation Between Anxiety and Cognitive Performance. American Psychological Association, 13(4), 668-680.
Baumeister, R. F., Vohs, K. D., Dewall, C. N., & Zhang, L. (2007). How emotion shapes behavior: Feedback, anticipation, and reflection, rather than direct causation. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11(2), 167-203.
Baumeister, R. F., Vohs, K. D., & Tice, D. M. (2007). The strength model of self-control. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16(6), 351-355.
Bergin, A. E., Masters, K. S., & Richards, P. S. (1987). Religiousness and mental health reconsidered: A study of an intrinsically religious sample. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 34(2), 197-204.
Bertrams, A., Englert, C., Dickhause, O., & Baumeister, R. F. (2013). Role of self-control strength in the relation between anxiety and cognitive performance. Emotion, 13(4), 668-680.
Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1998). On the self-regulation of behavior. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1991). Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications. Journal of abnormal psychology, 100(3), 316.
Clark, L. A., Watson, D., & Mineka, S. (1994). Temperament, personality, and the mood and anxiety disorders. Journal of abnormal psychology, 103(1), 103.
Curran, P. J., West, S. G., & Finch, J. F. (1996). The robustness of test statistics to nonnormality and specification error in confirmatory factor analysis. Psychological Method, 1, 16-29.
Dezutter. J., Soenens, B., & Hutsebaut, D. (2006). Religiosity and mental health: A further exploration of the relative importance of religious behaviors vs. religious attitudes. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(4), 807-818.
Emmons, R. A., & Paloutzian, R. F. (2003). The psychology of religion. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 377-402.
Fredrickson, B. L. (2002). How does religion benefit health and well-being? Are positive emotions active ingredients? Psychological Inquiry, 13(3), 209-213.
Ghorbani, N., Watson, P. J., Ghramaleki, A. F., Morris, R. J., & Hood, R. W. (2002). Muslim-christian religious orientation scales:distinctions, correlations, and cross-cultural analysis in Iran and the United States. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 12(2), 69-91.
Gorsuch, R. L., & McPherson, S. E. (1989). Intrinsic/Extrinsic measurement: I/E-revised and single-item scales. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 23(3), 348-354.
Hackney, C., & Sanders, G. (2003). Religiosity and mental health: A meta-analysis of recent studies. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 42(1), 43-55.
Hosseinkhanzadeh, A. A., Yeganeh, T., & Mojallal, M. (2013). The Relationship of the Religious Orientations and Attitudes with Self-control Among Students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84, 759-762.
Hill, P. C., & Hood, R. W. (1999). Measures of religiosity. Birmingham, AL: Religious Education Press.
Kiang L., & Buchanan. C. M. (2014). Daily stress and emotional well-being among asian american adolescents: same-day, lagged, and chronic associations. Development Psychology. 50(2), 611-621.
Kim-Prieto C., & Diener, E. (2009). Religion as a source of variation in the experience of positive and negative emotions. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(6), 447-460.
Klanjsek, R., Vazsonyi, A. T., & Trejos-Castillo, E. (2012). Religious orientation, low self-control, and deviance: muslims, catholics, eastern orthodox, and “Bible Belt” christians. Journal of Adolescence, 35(3), 671-682.
Kocovski, N., & Endler, N. (2000). Social anxiety, self-regulation, and fear of negative evaluation. European Journal of Personality, 14(4), 347-358.
Koenig, H. G., McCullough, M. E., & Larson, D. B. (2001). Handbook of religion and health. Oxford: University Press.
Lau, J. Y., Eley, T. C., & Stevenson, J. (2006). Examining the state-trait anxiety relationship:a behavioural genetic approach. Journal of abnormal child psychology, 34(1), 18-26.
Leith, K. P., & Baumeister, R. F. (1996). Why do bad moods increase self-defeating behavior? Emotion, risk tasking, and self-regulation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(6)1250-1267.
Lerner, J. S., & Keltner, D. (2001). Fear, anger, and risk. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(1), 146-159.
Loewenstein, G. F., Weber, E. U., Hsee, C. K., & Welch, N. (2001). Risk as feelings. Psychological bulletin, 127(2), 267.
Lonigan, C. J., Phillips, B. M., & Hooe, E. S. (2003). Relations of positive and negative affectivity to anxiety and depression in children: evidence from a latent variable longitudinal study. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 71(3), 465.
Lynchi, T. R., Robins, C. J., Morse, J. Q., & Krause, E. D. (2001). A mediational model relating affect intensity, emotion inhibition, and psychological distress. Behavior Therapy, 32(3), 519-536.
Manucia, G. K., Baumann, D. J., & Cialdini, R. B. (1984). Mood influences on helping: Direct effects or side effects? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(2), 357.
McCullough, M. E., & Willoughby. B. L. (2009). Religion, self-regulation, and self-control:Associations, explanations, and implications. Psychological bulletin, 135(1), 69-93.
McIntosh, D. N., Silver, R. C., & Wortman, C. B. (1993). Religion's role in adjustment to a negative life event: Coping with the loss of a child. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65(4), 812-821.
Muraven, M., & Baumeister, R. F. (2000). Self-regulation and depletion of limited resources: does self-control resemble a muscle? Psychological Bulletin, 126(2), 247-259.
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879-891.
Powell, L. H., Shahabi, L., & Thoresen, C. E. (2003). Religion and spirituality: Linkages to physical health. American Psychologist, 58, 36-52.
Scollon, C. N., Kim-Prieto, C., & Diene, E. (2003). Experience sampling: promises and pitfalls, strength and weakness. Journal of happiness studies, 4, 5-34.
Shreve-Neiger, A. K., & Edelstein, B. A. (2004). Religion and anxiety: A critical review of the literature. Clinical psychology review, 24(4), 379-397.
Smith, T. B., McCullough, M. E., & Poll, J. (2003). Religiousness and depression: Evidence for a main effect and the moderating influence of stressful life events. Psychological Bulletin, 130(1), 617-636.
Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L., & Lushene, R. E. (1970). Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologist Press.
Spilka, B., Hood, R. W., Hunsberger, B., & Gorsuch, R. (2003). The psychology or religion:An empirical approach. New York: Guilford Press.
Steffen P. R. (2013). Perfectionism and life aspirations in intrinsically and extrinsically religious individuals. Religion and Health, 53(4), 945-958.
Sternthal, M. J., Williams, D. R., Musick, M. A., & Buck A. C. (2010). Depression, anxiety, and religious life: A search for mediators. American Sociological Association, 51(3), 343-359.
Sturgeon, R. S., & Hamley, R. W. (1979). Religiosity and anxiety. The Journal of Social Psychology, 108(1), 37-138.
Tangney, J. P., Baumeister, R. F., & Boone, A. L. (2004). High self‐control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success. Journal of personality, 72(2), 271-324.
Tapanya, S., Nicki, R., & Jarusawad, O. (1997). Worry and intrinsic/extrinsic religious orientation among buddhist (Thai) and christian (Canadian) elderly person. Aging and Human Development, 44(1), 75-83.
Teasdale, J. D., & Barnard, P. J., (1993). Affect, cognition and change. HIllsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Watson, D. (1988). Intraindividual and interindividual analyses of Positive and Negative Affect: Their relation to health complaints, perceived stress, and daily activities. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1020-1030.
Watson D., Clark L. A., & Tellegen A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS Scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063-1070.
Watson, D., Gamez, W., & Simms, L. J. (2005). Basic dimensions of temperament and their relation to anxiety and depression: A symptom-based perspective. Journal of Research in Personality, 39(1), 46-66.
Watterson K. W., & Giesler R. B. (2012). Religiosity and self-control: When the going gets tough, the religious get self-regulating. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 4(3), 193-205.
Watts, F. N. (2001). Shame, sin and guilt. Edinburgh, Scotland: T & T Clark.
Watts, F. N. (2007). In handbook of emotion regulation. New York: The Guilford Press.
Watts, F. N., Nye, R., & Savage, S. B. (2002). Psychology for christian ministry. London:Routledge.
