본 연구는 자녀양육에서 오는 스트레스와 부부의 결혼만족도의 부적 관계를 설명할 기제를 검증하기 위해 실시되었다. 구체적으로 부부가 겪는 양육스트레스는 자기 스스로에 대한 전반적 평가인 핵심자기평가와 부적 상관을 갖고, 이는 곧 결혼만족도 저하로 연결될 것이라 예상하였다. 또한 부부라는 상호의존적인 관계에서 양육스트레스와 핵심자기평가가 자신뿐 아니라 배우자에게 주는 효과가 있을 것이라 가정하였다. 이를 위해 자녀의 나이가 만 4세인 한국아동패널 5차년도에 참여한 부부 1658쌍을 연구대상으로 자기-상대방 상호의존성모형(Actor-Partner Interdependence Model: APIM)을 검증하였다. 그 결과, 부부의 양육스트레스 자체는 자신과 배우자의 결혼만족도를 직접적으로 예측하지 않았다. 그러나 예상대로 양육스트레스로 인한 핵심자기평가의 절하가 결혼만족도의 감소를 이끌었다. 구체적으로 남편과 아내 각자의 양육스트레스는 자신의 핵심자기평가를 완전 매개하여 결혼만족에 유의한 자기 효과를 나타냈고, 남편의 양육스트레스는 아내의 핵심자기평가에 부정적 영향을 주어 남편 자신은 물론 아내의 결혼만족도를 부적으로 예측하는 상대방 효과가 나타났다. 출산 후 자녀를 양육하면서 생기는 역할 변화로 인한 부모로서의 적응 및 결혼 만족에 어려움을 겪고 있는 부부들의 관계 증진을 위한 상담에 갖는 본 연구의 시사점과 추후 연구를 위한 제언을 논의에 포함하였다.
This study aimed to investigate a mechanism in the link between child rearing and low marital satisfaction. We hypothesized that core self-evaluation would mediate the link between parenting stress and marital satisfaction. We applied Actor and Partner Interdependence Model to analyze data from 1658 parents who have 4-year old children identified from Korean Children and Youth Panel data 5th wave. As expected parenting stress did not directly predict a decrease in marital satisfaction among couples. However, we found that core self-evaluation fully mediated the relationship between parenting stress and marital satisfaction. More specifically, through core-evaluations, parenting stress indirectly predicted marital satisfaction. Additionally, we found the partner effect among wives but not among husbands. That is, husbands’ parenting stress negatively related to wives’ core self-evaluation, and that in turn negatively predicted wives’ marital satisfaction. Implications of the study and suggestions for counseling practice are discussed.
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