open access
메뉴
open access
메뉴
본 연구에서는 대학생의 불안정 성인애착과 계획된 우연 기술의 관계를 살펴보고, 정서조절 어려움 및 사회 불안의 매개효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 대학생 270명을 대상으로 불안정 성인애착, 정서조절 어려움, 사회 불안, 계획된 우연 기술을 측정하는 설문을 실시하였다. 설문 결과에 대해 SPSS 24.0 프로그램을 활용하여 기초 통계 분석, 신뢰도 분석, 상관 분석을 실시하였고, SPSS PROCESS를 활용하여 순차 매개 효과를 분석하였다. 이어 Bootstrap 방법으로 매개효과의 유의성을 검증하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대학생의 불안정 성인애착은 계획된 우연 기술에 부적인 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타나 불안정 애착 수준이 높을수록 계획된 우연 기술의 수준이 낮은 것으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 불안정 애착과 계획된 우연 기술의 부적 관계에서 정서조절 어려움 및 사회 불안의 매개 효과가 각각 유의한 것으로 확인되었다. 셋째, 대학생의 불안정 애착과 계획된 우연 기술의 부적 관계를 정서조절 어려움과 사회 불안이 순차 매개를 통해 완전매개하는 것으로 확인되었으며, Bootstap 분석을 통해 매개효과가 유의한 것으로 검증되었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 연구의 의의 및 대학생 상담실제에서의 활용과 시사점, 후속 연구의 필요성에 대해 논하였다.
The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between adult attachment and planned happenstance skills in college students, and how emotional regulation difficulties and social anxiety mediate this relationship. For this, 270 college students were asked to complete questionnaires measuring insecure adult attachment, emotional regulation difficulty, social anxiety, and planned happenstance skills. Results indicated that, first, insecure adult attachment had a negative effect on planned happenstance skills. Second, emotional regulation difficulty and social anxiety significantly mediated the negative relationship between insecure attachment and planned happenstance skills. Third, it was found that the negative relationship between insecure attachment and planned happenstance skills was fully serially mediated through emotional regulation difficulty and social anxiety, and further, the indirect effect was significant. Based on these results, implications for counseling practice and future research are discussed.
김민선, 서영석 (2010). 대학생의 부적응적 완벽주의와 성인애착에 따른 집단 분류와 심리적 특성에 대한 집단 간 차이. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 22(2), 413- 434.
김병직, 오경자 (2013). 성인 애착 불안/회피 차원과 우울 사이를 매개하는 변인의 탐색: 사회적 상호작용 불안에 대한 정서 조절의 차별적 경로. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 25(3), 519-548.
김보영, 양나연, 양 혁, 양준영, 정성훈, 이상민 (2016). 계획된 우연 이론에 기반한 성격 5 요인과 우연 기술의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 28(2), 491-508.
김성현 (2004). 친밀 관계 경험 검사 개정판 타당화 연구: 확증적 요인분석과 문항 반응 이론을 중심으로. 서울대학교 석사학위논문.
김향숙 (2001). 사회공포증 하위유형의 기억 편향. 서울대학교 석사학위논문.
박미진, 김진희, 정민선 (2009). 취업준비 대학생의 스트레스에 대한 질적 연구. 상담학연구, 10(1), 417-435.
박현영 (2011). 진로결정에 있어서 우연적사건의 역할: 진로적응성을 매개효과로. 가톨릭대학교 석사학위논문.
손은령 (2009). 진로선택과정에서 우연 혹은 기회의 역할 고찰. 상담학연구, 10(1), 385- 397.
신혜린, 이기학 (2008). 성인애착과 성별에 따른 대학생 사회불안의 차이. 한국심리학회지: 일반, 27(1), 139-159.
안선경, 정여주 (2016). 대학생의 거부민감성이 대인관계문제에 미치는 영향. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 28(3), 719-741.
이동혁, 황윤미, 정지희 (2012). Krumboltz의 우연학습이론을 배경으로 한 과제접근기술, 진로정체감, 진로장벽, 진로성숙도간의 관계. 상담학연구, 13(2), 855-875.
이영미 (2017). 진로결정에 있어서 메타인지, 정서조절곤란과 계획된 우연기술과의 관계 분석. 진로교육연구, 30(3), 49-69.
이일현 (2014). EasyFlow 회귀분석. 서울: 한나래.
이지영 (2010). 대학생의 성인애착과 낙관성 및 사회불안의 관계. 경성대학교 석사학위논문.
장진이, 천영민, 홍원경 (2017). 계획된 우연 역량의 개념화와 진로상담으로의 도입을 위한 델파이 연구. 상담학연구, 18(6), 219- 238.
조남근, 정미예 (2013). 대학생의 우연 대처기술이 진로정체감, 부정적 취업태도 및 진로탐색행동에 미치는 영향. 청소년학연구, 20(12), 337-357.
조용래 (2007). 정서조절곤란의 평가. 한국심리학회지: 임상, 26(4), 1015-1038.
조화진, 서영석 (2010). 부모애착, 분리-개별화, 성인애착, 대학생활적응, 심리적 디스트레스의 관계. 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 22(2), 385-411.
최보영, 김보람, 김아름, 장선희, 정선화, 이상민 (2011). 우연의 영향력에 대한 지각의 차이가 진로스트레스, 진로미결정 및 진로결정자기효능감에 미치는 영향. 상담학연구, 12(5), 1873-1891.
Ainsworth, M. S. (1989). Attachments beyond infancy. American Psychologist, 44(4), 709-716.
Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schweizer, S. (2010). Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(2), 217-237.
American Psychiatric Association(APA) (2014). American Psychiatric Association. DSM-5. APA DSM, 5.
Arnett, J. J. (2002). The psychology of globalization. American Psychologist, 57(10), 774-783.
Bartholomew, K. (1990). Avoidance of intimacy: An attachment perspective. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 7(2), 147-178.
Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61(2), 2262-244.
Blustein, D. L. (2006). The psychology of working: A new perspective for career development, counseling, and public policy. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Blustein, D. L., Walbridge, M. M., Friedlander, M. L., & Palladino, D. E. (1991). Contributions of psychological separation and parental attachment to the career development process. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38(1), 39-50.
Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss (Vol. III). Loss. NY: Basic Books.
Bowlby, J. (1988). Developmental psychiatry comes of age. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 145(1), 1-10.
Brennan, K. A., Clark, C. L., & Shaver, P. R. (1998). Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview. In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp. 46-76). New York: Guilford Press.
Campbell, L., & Marshall, T. (2011). Anxious attachment and relationship processes: An interactionist perspective. Journal of Personality, 79(6), 1219-1250.
Cloitre, M., Stovall‐McClough, C., Zorbas, P., & Charuvastra, A. (2008). Attachment organization, emotion regulation, and expectations of support in a clinical sample of women with childhood abuse histories. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 21(3), 282-289.
Cohn, A. M., Jakupcak, M., Seibert, L. A., Hildebrandt, T. B., & Zeichner, A. (2010). The role of emotion dysregulation in the association between men’s restrictive emotionality and use of physical aggression. Psychology of Men & Masculinity, 11(1), 53-64.
Collins, N. L., & Read, S. J. (1990). Adult attachment, working models, and relationship quality in dating couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(4), 644-663.
Cook, W. L. (2000). Understanding attachment security in family context. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(2), 285-294.
Cooper, R. K. (1997). Applying emotional intelligence in the workplace. Training and Development, 51(12), 31-39.
Degnan, K. A., & Fox, N. A. (2007). Behavioral inhibition and anxiety disorders: Multiple levels of a resilience process. Development and Psychopathology, 19(3), 729-746.
Di Fabio, A., & Blustein, D. L. (2010). Emotional intelligence and decisional conflict styles: Some empirical evidence among Italian high school students. Journal of Career Assessment, 18(1), 71-81.
Di Fabio, A., & Kenny, M. E. (2011). Promoting emotional intelligence and career decision making among Italian high school students. Journal of Career Assessment, 19(1), 21-34.
Downing, H. M., & Nauta, M. M. (2010). Separation-individuation, exploration, and identity diffusion as mediators of the relationship between attachment and career indecision. Journal of Career Development, 36(3), 207-227.
Emmerling, R. J., & Cherniss, C. (2003). Emotional intelligence and the career choice process. Journal of Career Assessment, 11(2), 153-167.
Eng, W., Heimberg, R. G., Hart, T. A., Schneier, F. R., & Liebowitz, M. R. (2001). Attachment in individuals with social anxiety disorder: the relationship among adult attachment styles, social anxiety, and depression. Emotion, 1(4), 365-380.
Feeney, J. A., & Noller, P. (1990). Attachment style as a predictor of adult romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58(2), 281-291.
Finch, J. F., & West, S. G. (1997). The investigation of personality structure: Statistical models. Journal of Research in Personality, 31(4), 439-485.
Fosha, D. (2000). Meta-therapeutic processes and the affects of transformation: Affirmation and the healing affects. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 10(1), 71-97.
Fraley, R. C., & Waller, N. G. (1998). Adult attachment patterns: A test of the typological model. In J. A. Simpson & W. S. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp. 77-114). New York: Guilford Press.
Fraley, R. C., Waller, N. G., & Brennan, K. A. (2000). An Item Response Theory Analysis of Self-report Measures of Adult Attachment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(2), 350-365.
Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(1), 41-54.
Greenberg, L. S. (2002). Integrating an emotion- focused approach to treatment into psychotherapy integration. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 12(2), 154-189.
Griffin, B., & Hesketh, B. (2005). Are conscientious workers adaptable? Australian Journal of Management, 30(2), 245-259.
Griffin, D. W., & Bartholomew, K. (1994). Models of the self and other: Fundamental dimensions underlying measures of adult attachment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(3), 430-445.
Hair, J. F., Jr., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2005). Multivariate data analysis (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River: Pearson/Prentice Hall.
Han, S., & Pistole, M. C. (2017). Big five personality factors and facets as predictors of openness to diversity. The Journal of Psychology, 151(8), 752-766.
Hartung, P. J., & Blustein, D. L. (2002). Reason, intuition, and social justice: Elaborating on parsons's career decision‐making model. Journal of Counseling and Development, 80(1), 41-47.
Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach (2nd Ed). New York: The Guilford Press.
Herbert, J. D., Rheingold, A. A., & Brandsma, L. (2001). Assessment of social phobia and social anxiety. In S. G. Hoffman, P. M. DiBartolo, H. R. Juster (Eds.), Social phobia and social anxiety (pp. 20-45). MA: Allen & Bacon.
International Labour Organization (ILO) (2017). Global Employment Trends for Youth 2017. International Labour Office (ILO), Geneva.
Keenan, K. (2000). Emotion dysregulation as a risk factor for child psychopathology. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 7(4), 418-434.
Kim, B., Jung, S. H., Jang, S. H., Lee, B., Rhee, E., Cho, S. H., & Lee, S. M. (2014). Construction and initial validation of the Planned Happenstance Career Inventory. The Career Development Quarterly, 62(3), 239-253.
Kim, B., Rhee, E., Ha, G., Yang, J., & Lee, S. M. (2016). Tolerance of uncertainty: links to happenstance, career decision self‐efficacy, and career satisfaction. The Career Development Quarterly, 64(2), 140-152.
Kim, S. R., Kim, B., Yang, N., Yaung, H., & Lee, S. M. (2017). Longitudinal changes of planned happenstance skills by gender, community types, and employment status in a sample of college students in school‐to work transition. Journal of Employment Counseling, 54(4), 183-191.
King, Z. (2004). Career self-management: Its nature, causes and consequences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 65(1), 112-133.
Kirkpatrick, L. A., & Davis, K. E. (1994). Attachment style, gender, and relationship stability: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(3), 502-512.
Kobak, R. (1994). Adult attachment: A personality or relationship construct?. Psychological Inquiry, 5(1), 42-44.
Kring, A. M., & Werner, K. H. (2004). Emotion regulation in psychopathology. In P. Philippot & R. S. Feldman (Eds.), The regulation of emotion (pp. 359-385). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Krumboltz, J. D. (2009). The happenstance learning theory. Journal of Career Assessment, 17(2), 135-154.
Krumboltz, J. D., & Levin, A. S. (2004). Luck is no accident. Atascadero. CA: Impact.
Lopez, F. G., & Brennan, K. A. (2000). Dynamic processes underlying adult attachment organization: Toward an attachment theoretical perspective on the healthy and effective self. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47(3), 283-300.
Marra, T. (2005). Dialectical Behavior Therapy in Private Practice. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications.
Mattanah, J. F., Hancock, G. R., & Brand, B. L. (2004). Parental Attachment, Separation- Individuation, and College Student Adjustment: A Structural Equation Analysis of Mediational Effects. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51(2), 213-225.
Mattick, R. P., & Clarke, J. C. (1998). Development and validation of measures of social phobia scrutiny fear and social interaction anxiety1. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36(4), 455-470.
Maunder, R. G., Lancee, W. J., Nolan, R. P., Hunter, J. J., & Tannenbaum, D. W. (2006). The relationship of attachment insecurity to subjective stress and autonomic function during standardized acute stress in healthy adults. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 60(3), 283-290.
McCortney, A. L., & Engels, E. W. (2003). Revisiting the work ethic in America. The Career Development Quarterly, 52(2), 132-140.
McLaughlin, K. A., Hatzenbuehler, M. L., & Hilt, L. M. (2009). Emotion dysregulation as a mechanism linking peer victimization to internalizing symptoms in adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77(5), 894-904.
Mcmahon, M., & Patton, W. (2002). Using qualitative assessment in career counseling. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 2(1), 51-66.
Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2007). Attachment in adulthood: Structure, dynamics, and change. New York: Guilford Press.
Mikulincer, M., & Shaver, P. R. (2005). Attachment theory and emotions in close relationships: Exploring the attachment related dynamics of emotional reactions to relational events. Personal Relationships, 12(2), 149-168.
Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., & Pereg, D. (2003). Attachment theory and affect regulation: The dynamics, development, and cognitive consequences of attachment-related strategies. Motivation and Emotion, 27(2), 77-102.
Mitchell, K. E., Levin, S., & Krumboltz, J. D. (1999). Planned happenstance: Constructing unexpected career opportunities. Journal of Counseling and Development, 77(2), 115-124.
Noller, P., & Callan, V. J. (1990). Adolescents' perceptions of the nature of their communication with parents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 19(4), 349-362.
O'brien, K. M., Friedman, S. M., Tipton, L. C., & Linn, S. G. (2000). Attachment, Separation, and Women's Vocational Development: A Longitudinal Analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 47(3), 301-315.
Omaha, J. (2004). Psychotherapeutic interventions for emotion regulation: EMDR and bilateral stimulation for affect management. New York: W.W.Norton & Company.
Pryor, R. G., Amundson, N. E., & Bright, J. E. (2008). Probabilities and possibilities: The strategic counseling implications of the chaos theory of careers. The Career Development Quarterly, 56(4), 309-318.
Pryor, R. G., & Bright, J. (2003). The chaos theory of careers. Australian Journal of Career Development, 12(3), 12-20.
Purdon, C., Antony, M., Monteiro, S., & Swinson, R. P. (2001). Social anxiety in college students. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 15(3), 203-215.
Savickas, M. L. (1997). Career adaptability: An integrative construct for life‐span, life space theory. The Career Development Quarterly, 45(3), 247-259.
Savickas, M. L. (2005). The theory and practice of career construction. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work (pp. 42-70). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Sharf, R. S. (2006). Late adolescent and adult career development. In Brooks/Cole: Thomson Wadsworth (Ed.), Applying Career Development Theory to Counseling (pp. 203-232). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole: Thomson Wadsworth.
Shaver, P. R., & Mikulincer, M. (2002). Attachment-related psychodynamics. Attachment and Human Development, 4(2), 133-161.
Shaver, P. R., & Mikulincer, M. (2014). Adult attachment and emotion regulation. In J. J. Gross. (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (2nd ed., pp. 237-250). NY: Guilford Press.
Shepherd, R. (2006). Volitional strategies and social anxiety among college students. College Quarterly, 9(4), 4-12.
Silk, J. S., Steinberg, L., & Morris, A. S. (2003). Adolescents' emotion regulation in daily life: Links to depressive symptoms and problem behavior. Child Development, 74(6), 1869-1880.
Simpson, J. A., Collins, W. A., Tran, S., & Haydon, K. C. (2007). Attachment and the experience and expression of emotions in romantic relationships: A developmental perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(2), 355-367.
Sroufe, L. A., Egeland, B., Carlson, E., & Collins, W. A. (2005). Placing early attachment experiences in developmental context. In Grossmann, K. E., Grossmann, K. and Waters, E. (Eds.), The power of longitudinal attachment research: From infancy and childhood to adulthood (pp. 48–70). NY: Guilford Press.
Tevyaw, T. O. L., Borsari, B., Colby, S. M., & Monti, P. M. (2007). Peer enhancement of a brief motivational intervention with mandated college students. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 21(1), 114-123.
Thompson, R. A. (1994). Emotion regulation: A theme in search of definition. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59(23), 25-52.
Tokar, D. M., Withrow, J. R., Hall, R. J., & Moradi, B. (2003). Psychological separation, attachment security, vocational self-concept crystallization, and career indecision: A structural equation analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50(1), 3-19.
Turk, C. L., Heimberg, R. G., Luterek, J. A., Mennin, D. S., & Fresco, D. M. (2005). Emotion dysregulation in generalized anxiety disorder: A comparison with social anxiety disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29(1), 89-106.
Van Ecke, Y. (2007). Attachment and immigrants: emotional security among Dutch and Belgian immigrants in California, U.S.A.. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Amsterdam University Press.
Vignoli, E., Croity-Belz, S., Chapeland, V., de Fillipis, A., & Garcia, M. (2005). Career exploration in adolescents: The role of anxiety, attachment, and parenting style. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2(67), 153-168.
Wei, M., Mallinckrodt, B., Larson, L. M., & Zakalik, R. A. (2005). Adult attachment, depressive symptoms, and validation from self versus others. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(3), 368-377.
Wei, M., Shaffer, P. A., Young, S. K., & Zakalik, R. A. (2005). Adult attachment, shame, depression, and loneliness: The mediation role of basic psychological needs satisfaction. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(4), 591-601.
Williams, E. N., Soeprapto, E., Like, K., Touradji, P., Hess, S., & Hill, C. E. (1998). Perceptions of serendipity: Career paths of prominent academic women in counseling psychology. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45(4), 379-389.
Wolfe, J. B., & Betz, N. E. (2004). The relationship of attachment variables to career decision‐making self‐efficacy and fear of commitment. The Career Development Quarterly, 52(4), 363-369.
